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Review
. 2019 Jun;75(2):229-240.
doi: 10.1007/s13105-019-00675-7. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

FGF19 subfamily members: FGF19 and FGF21

Katarzyna Dolegowska  1 , Malgorzata Marchelek-Mysliwiec  1 , Monika Nowosiad-Magda  2 , Michal Slawinski  3 , Barbara Dolegowska  4   5
Affiliations
Review

FGF19 subfamily members: FGF19 and FGF21

Katarzyna Dolegowska et al. J Physiol Biochem. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) constitute a large family of proteins with pleiotropic effects on development, organogenesis, and metabolism. The FGF19 subclass includes growth factors circulating with the blood referred to as endocrine FGF. Representatives of the FGF19 subclass, including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, act via FGFR receptors. The proteins of FGF19 subfamily influence the enterohepatic circulation of bile, participate in glucose and lipid metabolism regulation, and maintenance of phosphorus and vitamin D3 homeostasis. FGF19 and FGF21 are activated under different physiological and pathological conditions.

Keywords: Bile acids; FGF19; FGF21; Klotho; Metabolism regulation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Classification of human fibroblast growth factors into seven subclasses. Green color indicates subclasses containing paracrine and/or autocrine factors; blue = nuclear FGF, yellow = endocrine FGF
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Biological effects of fibroblast growth factors of the FGF19 subfamily
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Regulation of bile homeostasis through FXR nuclear receptor. CCK = cholecystokinin, CYP7A1 = cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, FXR = farnesoid X receptor, MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinases, SHP = small heterodimer partner, SHP-HNFα = hepatocyte nuclear factor and small heterodimer partner complex
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Systemic and local actions of FGF21. PPARα = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α, PPARγ = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ, TZDs = thiazolidinediones
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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