Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Mar 28;45(4):e20170080.
doi: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20170080.

Prevalence of smoking and reasons for continuing to smoke: a population-based study

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Affiliations

Prevalence of smoking and reasons for continuing to smoke: a population-based study

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Simone Aparecida Vieira Rocha et al. J Bras Pneumol. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of smoking and the reasons for continuing to smoke among adults in Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study including 1,054 individuals ≥ 40 years of age, residents of the city of Florianopolis, Brazil, of whom 183 were smokers. All of the smokers completed the University of São Paulo Reasons for Smoking Scale (USP-RSS). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and spirometry was performed to screen for COPD.

Results: Of the 183 smokers, 105 (57.4%) were female, 138 (75.4%) were White, and 125 (63.8%) were in a low economic class. The mean level of education among the smokers was 9.6 ± 6.1 years. The mean smoking history was 29 ± 15 pack-years, 59% of the men having a ≥ 30 pack-year smoking history. Approximately 20% of the smokers had COPD, and 29% had depressive symptoms, which were more common in the women. The USP-RSS scores were highest for the pleasure of smoking (PS), tension reduction (TR), and physical dependence (PD) domains (3.9 ± 1.1, 3.6 ± 1.2, and 3.5 ± 1.3, respectively). Scores for the PS, TR, and weight control (WC) domains were significantly higher in women. Smokers with a > 20 pack-year smoking history scored significantly higher on the PD, PS, automatism, and close association (CA) domains. Smoking history was associated with the PD, PS, TR, and CA domains. Depressive symptoms were associated with the PD, social smoking, and CA domains (p = 0.001; p = 0.01; p = 0.09, respectively). Female gender and a low level of education were associated with the PS domain (p = 0.04) and TR domain (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking in our sample was relatively high (17.4%). The USP-RSS domains PS, TR, and WC explain why individuals continue smoking, as do depressive symptoms.

Objetivo:: Investigar a prevalência de tabagismo e as razões para continuar a fumar em adultos no Brasil.

Métodos:: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 1.054 indivíduos com idade ≥ 40 anos residentes em Florianópolis (SC), dos quais 183 eram tabagistas. Todos os fumantes preencheram a Escala Razões para Fumar da Universidade de São Paulo (ERF-USP). Os sintomas de depressão foram avaliados por meio da Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, e a presença ou ausência de DPOC foi determinada por meio de espirometria.

Resultados:: Dos 183 fumantes, 105 (57,4%) eram do sexo feminino, 138 (75,4%) eram brancos e 125 (63,8%) pertenciam a uma classe econômica baixa. A média de escolaridade entre os fumantes foi de 9,6 ± 6,1 anos. A média de carga tabágica foi de 29 ± 15 anos-maço, e 59% dos homens apresentavam carga tabágica ≥ 30 anos-maço. Aproximadamente 20% dos fumantes apresentavam DPOC, e 29% apresentavam sintomas de depressão, mais comuns entre as mulheres. A pontuação obtida na ERF-USP foi maior nos domínios prazer de fumar (PF), redução da tensão (RT) e dependência física (DF): 3,9 ± 1,1; 3,6 ± 1,2 e 3,5 ± 1,3, respectivamente. A pontuação obtida nos domínios PF, RT e controle de peso (CP) foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres. Fumantes com carga tabágica > 20 anos-maço obtiveram pontuação significativamente maior nos domínios DF, PF, automatismo e associação estreita (AE). A carga tabágica relacionou-se com os domínios DF, PF, RT e AE. Sintomas de depressão relacionaram-se com os domínios DF, tabagismo social e AE (p = 0,001; p = 0,01; p = 0,09, respectivamente). Sexo feminino e baixa escolaridade relacionaram-se com os domínios PF (p = 0,04) e RT (p < 0,001).

Conclusões:: A prevalência de tabagismo em nossa amostra foi relativamente alta (17,4%). Os domínios PF, RT e CP da ERF-USP, bem como os sintomas de depressão, explicam por que os indivíduos continuam a fumar.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

References

    1. World Health Organization . WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011: warning about the dangers of tobacco. Geneva: World Health Organization; http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789240687813_eng.pdf
    1. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Office on Smoking and Health . The Health Consequences of Smoking-50 Years of Progress. Atlanta(GA): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014.
    1. Aliança de Controle do Tabagismo Promoção da Saúde . Dez anos de Convenção-Quadro. ACT: São Paulo; 2015.
    1. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não Transmissíveis e Promoção de Saúde . Vigitel Brasil 2016: vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília: o Ministério; 2017. http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2017/junho/07/vigitel_2016...
    1. Souza ES, Crippa JA, Pasian SR, Martinez JA. University of São Paulo Reasons for Smoking Scale: a new tool for the evaluation of smoking motivation. J Bras Pneumol. 2010;36(6):768–778. doi: 10.1590/S1806-37132010000600015. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms