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. 2019 Apr 1:22:e190020.
doi: 10.1590/1980-549720190020.

Trend in mortality from preventable causes in children: contributions to the evaluation of the performance of public health services in the Southeast Region of Brazil

[Article in Portuguese, English]
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Free article

Trend in mortality from preventable causes in children: contributions to the evaluation of the performance of public health services in the Southeast Region of Brazil

[Article in Portuguese, English]
Rafaela Magalhães Fernandes Saltarelli et al. Rev Bras Epidemiol. .
Free article

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in mortality of children under 5 years old living in the Southeast Region of Brazil and states using the "Brazilian List of Causes of Preventable Deaths".

Method: We conducted an ecological time-series study of mortality from preventable and non-preventable causes, with corrections for ill-defined causes and underreporting of deaths, from 2000 to 2013.

Results: There was a decline in the rate of childhood mortality due to preventable (4.4% per year) and non-preventable (1.9% per year) causes in the Southeast Region and its states, except for those reducible by vaccine prevention, which remained stable in the period. The study called attention to the smaller decrease in causes of preventable deaths by providing adequate care to women during pregnancy (1.7%), with an increase in mortality rates due to basic causes of death due to maternal conditions affecting the fetus or newborn and stability in disorders related to short-term pregnancy and low birth weight, a fact that possibly occurred due to inadequate quality of prenatal care. Minas Gerais showed the greatest reduction in annual percentage of deaths from preventable causes (5.5%), compared to other FUs, but it led in mortality rates up to 2010, while Rio de Janeiro led between 2010 and 2013.

Conclusion: The decline in childhood mortality was expected in the last decade, due to progress in the response of health care systems, and to improvements in health and determinant social conditions as well. However, the rate is still high compared to other countries, showing that there is still much room for improvement.

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade de crianças menores de 5 anos, residentes na Região Sudeste e Unidades Federativas (UFs), utilizando-se a “Lista Brasileira de Causas de Mortes Evitáveis”.

Método: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais da taxa de mortalidade por causas evitáveis e não evitáveis, com correções para causas mal definidas e sub-registro de óbitos informados, no período de 2000 a 2013.

Resultados: Houve declínio da taxa de mortalidade na infância por causas evitáveis (4,4% ao ano) e não evitáveis (1,9% ao ano) na Região Sudeste e nas UFs, exceto para aquelas reduzíveis por imunoprevenção, que se mantiveram estáveis no período. O estudo chama a atenção para a menor redução das causas de óbitos reduzíveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação (1,7%), com aumento das taxas de mortalidade por afecções maternas que afetam o feto e o recém-nascido e a estabilidade nos transtornos relacionados com a gestação de curta duração e peso baixo ao nascer. Minas Gerais apresentou o maior percentual de redução anual dos óbitos por causas evitáveis (5,5%), comparado às demais UFs; no entanto, liderou as taxas de mortalidade até o ano de 2010 e o Rio de Janeiro, entre 2010 e 2013.

Conclusão: O declínio da taxa de mortalidade na infância já era esperado nessa última década, levando a acreditar na evolução da resposta dos sistemas de saúde, além das melhorias nas condições de saúde e determinantes sociais.No entanto, o coeficiente se mantém alto quando comparado ao de outros países, mostrando que ainda há muito a se avançar.

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