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. 2019 May;19(5):4101-4108.
doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10094. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

FOXM1 is a novel predictor of recurrence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with an increase in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition

Ya-Dong Luo  1 , Xu Ding  1 , Hong-Ming Du  1 , Yu-Nong Wu  1 , Huai-Qi Li  1 , He-Ming Wu  1 , Xiao-Min Zhang  1
Affiliations

FOXM1 is a novel predictor of recurrence in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma associated with an increase in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition

Ya-Dong Luo et al. Mol Med Rep. 2019 May.

Abstract

Although forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is markedly upregulated in human premalignant and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues and cultured cells, the association of FOXM1 expression with OSCC prognosis is not well understood. The present study investigated the possible association of FOXM1 expression in patients with OSCC with their clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. The expression of FOXM1 protein in OSCC tissues from 119 patients was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the results demonstrated that FOXM1 overexpression in patients with OSCC was associated with tumour recurrence and poor prognosis. To study the in vitro effects of FOXM1, its expression was decreased by small interfering RNA (siRNA) in OSCC cell lines, and FOXM1 knockdown decreased the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacities of cells. FOXM1 inhibition by siRNA gave rise to reduced expression of vimentin and increased expression of E‑cadherin. The present study reported FOXM1 as a novel predictor of tumour recurrence in patients with OSCC and its potential involvement in epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in OSCC cells.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
FOXM1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Detection of (A) positive and (B) negative FOXM1. FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
FOXM1 expression significantly correlates with reduced OSCC patient survival. Kaplan-Meier curves of (A) overall and (B) disease-free survival rates of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with low and high FOXM1 expression. FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Knockdown of FOXM1 by siRNA alters the expression of proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition HN12 and Cal-27 cells. FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1; si, small interfering.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
FOXM1 inhibition lowers cell proliferation and migration. (A) A sulforhodamine B assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative capabilities of HN12 and Cal-27 cells transfected with siFOXM1 or siNCtrl. (B) Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the migratory capabilities of HN12 and Cal-27 cells transfected with siFOXM1 or siNCtrl. Top panels: The migratory cells were stained using crystal violet and counted. Bottom panels: The results were quantified by calculating the OD of the crystal violet dye. The data in (A) and (B) are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *P<0.05. FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1; si, small-interfering; OD, optical density; NCtrl, negative control.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Effect of FOXM1 knock-down on migration. Wound-healing assays were performed to evaluate the migratory capabilities of (A) HN12 and (B) Cal-27 cells transfected with siFOXM1 or a siNCtrl. si, small-interfering; FOXM1, forkhead box protein M1; NCtrl, negative control.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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