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Review
. 2018 Nov 30;9(1):87-95.
doi: 10.1007/s13534-018-0089-9. eCollection 2019 Feb.

Practicality and importance of selected endothelial dysfunction measurement techniques: review

Michael D Whitt  1 , Mark J Jackson  2
Affiliations
Review

Practicality and importance of selected endothelial dysfunction measurement techniques: review

Michael D Whitt et al. Biomed Eng Lett. .

Abstract

The measurement of endothelial dysfunction (ED) has importance in that it indicates the presence of coronary artery disease (Kuvin et al. in J Am Coll Cardiol 38(7):1843-1849, 2001) in addition to acting as a predictor of future adverse events (Halcox et al. in Circulation 106:653-658, 2002). Various tools, methods, and metrics exist that can provide an indicator of endothelial dysfunction. Given the significance of ED, it is of utmost importance to find a measurement technique that is reliable, while defining a metric providing a framework for an overall system that is practical, accurate, and repeatable. Success would provide a tool for the early detection of cardiovascular disease not only moving patients that are currently classified as asymptomatic to symptomatic, but also providing a method to monitor the efficacy of treatments.

Keywords: Endothelial dysfunction; Measurement; Medical physics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.Not applicable.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Physiological Response to Endothelial Dysfunction
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Image of Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Ultrasound image: brachial artery (normal)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Ultrasound image: brachial artery (five minute hyperemia)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Carotid intima media-thickness (CIMT) image
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Peripheral arterial tonometer—Itamar Medical Ltd. (WatchPAT)
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Digital thermal monitoring—Endothelix Inc. (VENDYS)
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Arterial compliance measurement—normal versus reactive hyperemia
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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