Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Nov 24;10(12):1303.
doi: 10.3390/polym10121303.

Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review

Puyou Jia  1 , Haoyu Xia  2 , Kehan Tang  3 , Yonghong Zhou  4
Affiliations
Review

Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review

Puyou Jia et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

With rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-based chemicals have been paid more attention. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers derived from biomass resources (vegetable oil, cardanol, vegetable fatty acid, glycerol and citric acid) have been widely studied to replace petroleum-based o-phthalate plasticizers. These bio-based plasticizers mainly include epoxidized plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, macromolecular plasticizer, flame retardant plasticizer, citric acid ester plasticizer, glyceryl ester plasticizer and internal plasticizer. Bio-based plasticizers with the advantages of renewability, degradability, hypotoxicity, excellent solvent resistant extraction and plasticizing performances make them potential to replace o-phthalate plasticizers partially or totally. In this review, we classify different types of bio-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure and function, and highlight recent advances in multifunctional applications of bio-based plasticizers in PVC products. This study will increase the interest of researchers in bio-based plasticizers and the development of new ideas in this field.

Keywords: biomass resources; plasticizer; polyvinyl chloride; review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of epoxidized soybean oil.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Synthesis of epoxidized castor oil polyol ester.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Synthesis of epoxidized castor oil based diglycidyl ester.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Synthesis of tung-maleic triglycidyl esters (TMTE).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structure of cardanol based plasticizer.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Synthesis of epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Synthesis routes of epoxidized cardanol based plasticizer (ECP).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Synthesis of alkyl terminal hyperbranched polyglycerol (alkyl-HPG).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Synthesis of butyl-esterified highly branched polycaprolactone.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Synthesis bio-based polyester plasticizer from palm oil.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Synthesis of epoxidized cardanol ethyl phosphate.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Synthesis of castor oil phosphate ester.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Synthesis of chlorinated phosphate ester based on castor oil.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Synthesis of DOPO groups-containing soybean oil polyol ester.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Flame retardant mechanism of DOPO groups-containing soybean oil polyol ester.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Synthesis of THEIC-MA phosphate.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Synthesis of hydroxyl and nitrogen rich group-containing tung-oil-based ester plasticizers.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Synthesis of phosphonate groups containing bio-based plasticizers.
Figure 19
Figure 19
Synthesis of glycerol triesters and mix glycerol triesters.
Figure 20
Figure 20
Synthesis of isosorbide dioctoate.
Figure 21
Figure 21
Synthesis of C21 dicarboxylic acid ester.
Figure 22
Figure 22
Synthesis of ester-amide of ricinoleic acid.
Figure 23
Figure 23
Synthesis of cardanol esters.
Figure 24
Figure 24
Synthesis of benzyl ester of DCO fatty acid.
Figure 25
Figure 25
Synthesis of self-plasticization PVC via substitution reaction with minnich base of cardanol butyl ether.
Figure 26
Figure 26
Synthesis internally plasticized PVC with alkynylation EAMR-DOPO.
Figure 27
Figure 27
Synthesis of hexyl-terminated hyperbranched polyglycerol.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Erythropel H.C., Maric M., Nicell J.A., Leask R.L., Yargeau V. Leaching of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2014;98:9967–9981. doi: 10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rahman M., Brazel C.S. The plasticizer market: An assessment of traditional plasticizers and research trends to meet new challenges. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2004;29:1223–1248. doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2004.10.001. - DOI
    1. Choi J.S., Park W.H. Effect of biodegradable plasticizers on thermal and mechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Polym. Test. 2004;23:455–460. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2003.09.005. - DOI
    1. Yang L., Milutinovic P.S., Brosnan R.J., Eger E., Sonner J.M. The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate modulates gamma-aminobutyric acid type A and glycine receptor function. Anesth. Analg. 2007;105:393–396. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000267336.37735.d7. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wingborg N., Eldsäter C. 2,2-Dinitro-1,3-Bis-Nitrooxy-Propane (NPN): A New Energetic Plasticizer. Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. 2002;27:314–319. doi: 10.1002/prep.200290000. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources