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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Mar;113(2):58-66.
doi: 10.1080/20477724.2019.1603003. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran: a meta-analysis

Farzad Khademi  1 , Amirhossein Sahebkar  2   3   4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran: a meta-analysis

Farzad Khademi et al. Pathog Glob Health. 2019 Mar.

Abstract

Clostridium species are ubiquitous and associated with various diseases in animals and humans. However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of their resistance to antibiotics in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Clostridium species in Iran through a meta-analysis of eligible studies published up until December 2018. Fourteen articles on the drug resistance of Clostridium species in Iran were included in the current study following a search in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords and screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Antibiotic resistance rates of C. difficile to ampicillin (42.8%), ciprofloxacin (69.5%), clindamycin (84.3%), erythromycin (61.5%), gentamicin (93.5%), nalidixic acid (92.9%), tetracycline (32.5%), imipenem (39.6%), levofloxacin (93.4%), ertapenem (58.7%), piperacillin/tazobactam (56.5%), kanamycin (100%), colistin (100%), ceftazidime (76%), amikacin (76.5%), moxifloxacin (67.9%) and cefotaxime (95%) were high. In addition, resistance of C. perfringens to ampicillin (25.8%), erythromycin (32.9%), gentamicin (45.4%), nalidixic acid (52.5%), tetracycline (19.5%), penicillin (21.8%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32.1%), amoxicillin (19.3%), imipenem (38%), cloxacillin (100%), oxacillin (45.6%), bacitracin (89.1%) and colistin (40%) was high. Metronidazole and vancomycin, as the first-line therapies, fidaxomicin, tetracyclines (except tetracycline), rifampicin and chloramphenicol can still be used for the treatment of C. difficile infections. However, the present results do not recommend the use of penicillin, bacitracin and tetracycline for the treatment of C. perfringens infections in humans and domestic animals in Iran.

Keywords: Drug resistance; Iran; meta-analysis.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flowchart of the literature search.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Meta-analyses of the prevalence of C. difficile resistant to metronidazole in Iran. (a) Forest plot and (b) Funnel plot.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Meta-analyses of the prevalence of C. perfringens resistant to penicillin in Iran. (a) Forest plot and (b) Funnel plot.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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