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. 2018 Feb 15;10(2):193.
doi: 10.3390/polym10020193.

Minimizing Freshwater Consumption in the Wash-Off Step in Textile Reactive Dyeing by Catalytic Ozonation with Carbon Aerogel Hosted Bimetallic Catalyst

Enling Hu  1 , Songmin Shang  2 , Xiaoming Tao  3 , Shouxiang Jiang  4 , Ka-Lok Chiu  5
Affiliations

Minimizing Freshwater Consumption in the Wash-Off Step in Textile Reactive Dyeing by Catalytic Ozonation with Carbon Aerogel Hosted Bimetallic Catalyst

Enling Hu et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In textile reactive dyeing, dyed fabrics have to be rinsed in the wash-off step several times to improve colorfastness. Thus, the multiple rinsing processes drastically increase the freshwater consumption and meanwhile generate massive waste rinsing effluents. This paper addresses an innovative alternative to recycle the waste effluents to minimize freshwater consumption in the wash-off step. Accordingly, catalytic ozonation with a highly effective catalyst has been applied to remedy the waste rinsing effluents for recycling. The carbon aerogel (CA) hosted bimetallic hybrid material (Ag⁻Fe₂O₃@CA) was fabricated and used as the catalyst in the degradation of residual dyes in the waste rinsing effluents by ozonation treatments. The results indicate the participation of Ag⁻Fe₂O₃@CA had strikingly enhanced the removal percentage of chemical oxidation demand by 30%. In addition, it has been validated that waste effluents had been successfully reclaimed after catalytic ozonation with Ag⁻Fe₂O₃@CA. They could be additionally reused to reduce freshwater consumption in the wash-off step, but without sacrificing the color quality of corresponding fabrics in terms of color difference and colorfastness. This study may be the first to report the feasibility of catalytic ozonation in minimization of freshwater consumption in the wash-off step in textile reactive dyeing.

Keywords: catalytic ozonation; chemical oxidation demand; effluent color; fabric color quality; minimizing water consumption; reactive dyeing; wash-off; waste effluent recycling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Ag–Fe2O3@CA facilitated catalytic ozonation for the recycling of waste rinsing effluents.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The entire dyeing curve for cotton knitting fabrics.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Flow chart for rinsing of fabrics in the wash-off step.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD pattern of carbon aerogel (CA) and Ag–Fe2O3@CA.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of CA (a,b) and Ag–Fe2O3@CA (c,d), and SEM-EDX spectra of Ag–Fe2O3@CA (e,f).
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM images of Ag–Fe2O3@CA; (a): Fe2O3 nanoparticle; (b,c,d): Ag nanoparticles of various sizes.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thermal gravimetric curve of CA and Ag–Fe2O3@CA.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Color of Effluent 1 treated by various processes.
Figure 10
Figure 10
UV-vis spectrum of Effluent 1 treated by catalytic ozonation with CA.
Figure 11
Figure 11
COD of the Effluent 1 treated by various processes.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Selected effluents (a) and their color (b) and COD (c) evolution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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