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Review
. 2019 Mar;9(2):237-257.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.10.003. Epub 2018 Oct 16.

Marine sponges of the genus Stelletta as promising drug sources: chemical and biological aspects

Qihao Wu  1   2 , Bastien Nay  3 , Min Yang  1 , Yeke Ni  1 , Hong Wang  2 , Ligong Yao  1 , Xuwen Li  1
Affiliations
Review

Marine sponges of the genus Stelletta as promising drug sources: chemical and biological aspects

Qihao Wu et al. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019 Mar.

Abstract

Marine sponges of the genus Stelletta are well known as rich sources of diverse and complex biologically relevant natural products, including alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lipids, and steroids. Some of these metabolites, with novel structures and promising biological activities, have attracted a lot of attention from chemists seeking to perform their total synthesis in parallel to intensive biological studies towards new drug leads. In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated Stelletta sponges, the isolation, synthesis and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from 1982 to early 2018.

Keywords: Biological activity; Isolation; Marine drug leads; Marine natural products; Stelletta sponge; Total synthesis.

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Figures

fx1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Figure 1
Global distribution of the chemically investigated Stelletta marine sponge according to the structure types of their chemical constituents (red: alkaloids; blue: triterpenoids; green: peptides; brown: lipids; black: steroids).
Fig. 2
Figure 2
Chemical structures of compounds 1–3.
Fig. 3
Figure 3
Chemical structures of compounds 4–10, and the proposed biosynthetic pathways of bistellettadines.
Fig. 4
Figure 4
Chemical structures of compounds 11–14, and their possible biosynthetic pathway.
Fig. 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of compounds 15–23.
Fig. 6
Figure 6
Chemical structures of compounds 24–53.
Fig. 7
Figure 7
Chemical structures of compounds 54–57.
Fig. 8
Figure 8
Chemical structures of compounds 58–64.
Fig. 9
Figure 9
Chemical structures of compounds 65–76.
Fig. 10
Figure 10
Chemical structures of compounds 77–89.
Fig. 11
Figure 11
Chemical structures of compounds 90–100.
Fig. 12
Figure 12
Chemical structures of compounds 101–131.
Fig. 13
Figure 13
Chemical structures of compounds 132–148.
Fig. 14
Figure 14
Chemical structures of compounds 149–159.
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Total synthesis of stellettadine A and its enantiomer.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Total synthesis of ent-stellettamide A.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
Total synthesis of (−)-stellettamide B.
Scheme 4
Scheme 4
Total synthesis of ciliatamides A–C.
Fig. 15
Figure 15
Summary of cytotoxicity mechanism studies of stelletins A and B (25 and 24).
Fig. 16
Figure 16
Stelletta-derived secondary metabolites from 1982 to 2017.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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