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. 2016 Nov 14;8(11):396.
doi: 10.3390/polym8110396.

Sustainable Phenolic Fractions as Basis for Furfuryl Alcohol-Based Co-Polymers and Their Use as Wood Adhesives

Paul Luckeneder  1 , Johannes Gavino  2 , Robert Kuchernig  3 , Alexander Petutschnigg  4 , Gianluca Tondi  5
Affiliations

Sustainable Phenolic Fractions as Basis for Furfuryl Alcohol-Based Co-Polymers and Their Use as Wood Adhesives

Paul Luckeneder et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Furfuryl alcohol is a very interesting green molecule used in the production of biopolymers. In the present paper, the copolymerization in acid environment with natural, easily-available, phenolic derivatives is investigated. The processes of polymerization of the furfuryl alcohol with: (i) spent-liquor from the pulping industry and (ii) commercial tannin from acacia mimosa were investigated though viscometry and IR-spectroscopy. The curing kinetics of the formulations highlighted the importance of the amount of furfuryl alcohol and catalyst as well as the effect of temperature for both phenolic-furanic polymers. Evidence of covalent copolymerization has been observed through infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmed with additional solubility tests. These bio-based formulations were applied as adhesives for solid wood and particleboards with interesting results: at 180 °C, the spent-liquor furanic formulations allow wood bonding slightly with lower performance than PVA in dry conditions, while mixed formulations allow the gluing of particleboard with only satisfactory internal bonding tests.

Keywords: adhesive; copolymer; furanic; lignin; multivariate data analysis; panels; poly-furfuryl alcohol; tannin; wood bonding.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Viscosity trend of spent-liquor/furfuryl alcohol and tannin/furfuryl alcohol formulations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Viscosity behavior of spent-liquor/FA and tannin/FA formulations after addition of different amount of sulfuric acid (SA) as hardener.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Viscosity behavior of tannin-FA formulations depending on the ratio T:FA and on the amount of sulfuric acid (SA) as catalyst.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible reaction mechanisms between furanic unit (Blue) and phenolic moieties (Red).
Figure 5
Figure 5
FT-IR spectra of spent liquor- and tannin-furanic solids: Spent liquor (Green bold); SL:FA 1:1 (Green dotted); Poly furfuryl alcohol (Black bold); Tannin (Purple bold); and T:FA 1:1 (Purple dotted).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Principal component analysis of the FT-IR spectra of the furanic-phenolic polymers.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Loadings of the principal component 3 (PC3).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Particleboards: Spent-Liquor/Furfuryl alcohol with 10% and 15% of glue (left side) and Tannin-Furfuryl alcohol with 10% and 15% glue (right side).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Density profile of the particleboards with spent-liquor/FA (10% and 15%) and tannin/FA (10% and 15%).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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