Antioxidant and nephroprotection activities of Combretum micranthum: A phytochemical, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies

Abstract

Management of chronic renal failure is exceedingly expensive. Despite of encouraging experimental outcomes, there is a lack of potent nephroprotective drugable molecules in a clinics or market. To develop a nephroprotective phytomedicine, the present study was designed to do a literature survey on reported phytochemical and biological analysis of Combretum micranthum and to carry out chemoprofiling, in-vitro antioxidant and ex-vivo nephroprotective capacity of the title plant. The phytochemical and biological activity survey of C. micranthum has reveals the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and alkaloids with many biological activities. Phytochemical investigation re-confirmed the presence of these compounds. Hydroalcoholic extract of C. micranthum (CM extract) showed a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging AAPH, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide and chelating metal ions. CM extract exhibited significant (P < 0.001) dose dependent inhibition of ferric chloride-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious and common complication leading to end stage renal disease. Therefore, in the present study, glucose-induced toxicity was also studied in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) as an in vitro model for diabetic nephropathy. The results showed that exposure of cells to high glucose (100 mM) for 72 h significantly reduced the cell viability resulting in morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounded cell shape and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Treatment with CM extract at 10 and 25 μg/mL resulted in significant improvement in cell viability from 10 to 23% compared to the high glucose control. This study demonstrated the potential antioxidant and nephroprotective properties of C. micranthum, justifying its traditional use in the treatment of various diseases.

Keywords: Cell biology; Developmental biology; Physiology; Stem cell research; systems biology.

Fig. 1

FT-IR spectra of Combretum micranthum extract (CM).

Fig. 2

Effects of Combretum micranthum extract (CM) on FeCl₂-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation on kidney homogenate. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 5). one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Compared to FeCl₂-ascorbic acid group: ***P < 0.001; Compared to Quercetin group: ^###P < 0.001.

Fig. 3

Effect of various concentration of Combretum micranthum extract (CM) on cell viability in HEK-293 cells.

Fig. 4

Microsocpic image of HEK-293 cells treated with glucose alone or in combination of different concentration of Combretum micranthum extract (CM).