Affiliations

• ¹ Center for Economic and Social Research and Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-3332, USA. daniel.benjamin@gmail.com.
• ² Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0251, USA.
• ³ Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, SE-113 83, Sweden. magnus.johannesson@hhs.se.
• ⁴ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
• ⁵ Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
• ⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1018 VZ, The Netherlands.
• ⁷ School of Arts and Sciences and Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6286, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
• ¹⁰ Institute of Zoology - Neurogenetics, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
• ¹¹ Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
• ¹² Department of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
• ¹³ The Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN), Stockholm, SE-102 15, Sweden.
• ¹⁴ Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
• ¹⁵ Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
• ¹⁶ Mathematica Policy Research, Washington, DC, 20002-4221, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Psychology, Quantitative Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
• ¹⁸ School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK.
• ¹⁹ Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, SE-113 83, Sweden.
• ²⁰ Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4237, USA.
• ²¹ Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
• ²² Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ²³ School of BioSciences and School of Historical & Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
• ²⁴ Department of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
• ²⁵ Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA.
• ²⁶ Stanford University, General Medical Disciplines, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
• ²⁷ Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources SEBS, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901-8551, USA.
• ²⁸ Department of Political Science, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
• ²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1525, USA.
• ³⁰ Institute of Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
• ³¹ Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences Department of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
• ³² Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, 8001, Zurich, Switzerland.
• ³³ National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
• ³⁴ Department of Methods and Statistics, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.
• ³⁵ School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-2402, USA.
• ³⁶ Department of Politics and Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
• ³⁷ Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5015, USA.
• ³⁸ Departments of Medicine, of Health Research and Policy, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
• ³⁹ Advanced Quantitative Methods, Social Research Methodology, Department of Education, Graduate School of Education & Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1521, USA.
• ⁴⁰ Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
• ⁴¹ Department of Earth System Science, Stanford, CA, 94305-4216, USA.
• ⁴² Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck and University of Gothenburg, Innsbruck, A-6020, Austria.
• ⁴³ Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
• ⁴⁴ Department of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
• ⁴⁵ Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
• ⁴⁶ Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1045, USA.
• ⁴⁷ Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
• ⁴⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
• ⁴⁹ School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
• ⁵⁰ Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-1900A, USA.
• ⁵¹ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
• ⁵² MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
• ⁵³ UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK.
• ⁵⁴ Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
• ⁵⁵ Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
• ⁵⁶ Department of Biology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, 99362, USA.
• ⁵⁷ Department of Mathematics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, 00936-8377, Puerto Rico.
• ⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, 20126, Italy.
• ⁵⁹ Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
• ⁶⁰ Université Paris Dauphine, 75016, Paris, France.
• ⁶¹ Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
• ⁶² Department Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Leopoldstraβe 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.
• ⁶³ Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2067, USA.
• ⁶⁴ Department of Political Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, USA.
• ⁶⁵ Government Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
• ⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
• ⁶⁷ Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
• ⁶⁸ Microsoft Research, 641 Avenue of the Americas, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10011, USA.
• ⁶⁹ Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
• ⁷⁰ Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
• ⁷¹ Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-2047, USA.
• ⁷² Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755-3514, USA.
• ⁷³ Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. vejohnson@exchange.tamu.edu.