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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2019 Sep;25(3):167-171.
doi: 10.1177/0260106019841452. Epub 2019 Apr 14.

Beverage intake during alternate-day fasting: Relationship to energy intake and body weight

Faiza Kalam  1 , Cynthia M Kroeger  2 , John F Trepanowski  1 , Kelsey Gabel  1 , Jee Hee Song  1 , Sofia Cienfuegos  1 , Krista A Varady  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Beverage intake during alternate-day fasting: Relationship to energy intake and body weight

Faiza Kalam et al. Nutr Health. 2019 Sep.

Abstract

Background: Alternate-day fasting (ADF) involves a 'famine day' (25% energy intake) and a 'feast day' (ad libitum intake). This secondary analysis examined changes in beverage intake in relation to energy intake and body weight during 12 months of ADF versus daily calorie restriction (CR).

Methods: Obese subjects (n = 100 enrolled, n = 69 completers) were randomized to one of three groups for 12 months: (a) ADF; (b) CR; or (c) control.

Results: At baseline, intakes of diet soda, caffeinated beverages, sugar-sweetened soda, alcohol, juice, and milk were similar between groups. There were no statistically significant changes in the intake of these beverages by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups. Beverage intake was not related to energy intake or body weight at month 6 or 12 in any group.

Conclusion: These pilot findings suggest that intermittent fasting does not impact beverage intake in a way that affects energy intake or body weight.

Keywords: Beverage intake; alcohol; alternate-day fasting; body weight; caffeine; calorie restriction; obese adults; soda.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of conflicting interests

The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Krista Varady is the author of the book ‘The Every Other Day Diet’ published by the Hachette Book Group. The other authors have no competing interests to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Diet soda and caffeinated beverage intake during 12 months of alternate-day fasting (ADF) or daily calorie restriction (CR). (A) There were no statistically significant changes in diet soda intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups; (B) there were no statistically significant changes in caffeinated beverage intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Sugar-sweetened soda, alcohol, juice, and milk intake during 12 months of alternate-day fasting (ADF) or daily calorie restriction (CR). (A) There were no statistically significant changes in sugar-sweetened soda intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups; (B) there were no statistically significant changes in alcohol intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups; (C) there were no statistically significant changes in juice intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups; (D) there were no statistically significant changes in milk intake by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups.
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