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. 2019 Apr 4;8(4):118.
doi: 10.3390/foods8040118.

Chemical Fingerprinting of Seeds of Some Salvia Species in Turkey by Using GC-MS and FTIR

Eray Tulukcu  1 , Nur Cebi  2 , Osman Sagdic  3
Affiliations

Chemical Fingerprinting of Seeds of Some Salvia Species in Turkey by Using GC-MS and FTIR

Eray Tulukcu et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Six species of Salvia seeds cultivated and grown in Cumra/Konya (Turkey) were evaluated using headspace gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) combined chemometrics of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The major volatile compounds in the Salvia species are determined as n-hexanal (present in seven samples), sabinene (present in three samples), α-pinene (present in 13 samples), α-thujone (present in four samples), borneol (present in 11 samples), linalyl acetate (present in 10 samples), β-pinene (present in 13 samples), camphene (present in 13 samples), α-thujene (present in four samples), 2,4(10)-thujadien (present in two samples), β-myrcene (present in seven samples), limonen (present in 12 samples), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (present in 13 samples) and camphor (present in nine samples). The most abundant (%) volatile compounds among all were detected as α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene and eucalyptol. For the first time, chemometrics of HCA and PCA is applied to FTIR and GC-MS data. The classification of all samples is performed on the basis of their chemical similarities and differences.

Keywords: FTIR; GC-MS; HCA; PCA; Salvia seed; chemometrics; volatile content.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characteristic gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) total ion chromatogram (TIC) of the seed samples of Salvia species (S. microstegia, S. nemorosa, S.officinalis, S. sclarea, S. triloba, S. virgata).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of volatile compounds of the seed samples of Salvia species (A). Principal component analysis (PCA) of volatile compounds of the seed samples of Salvia species (B).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Fingerprint Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectrum of S. officinalis seed (B) Overlapped FTIR spectra of all Salvia species.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Dendrogram of HCA (Ward’s Algorithm) of the seed samples of Salvia species (B) Three dimensional (3D) PCA map of the seed samples of Salvia species.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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