. 2019 Aug;12(3):301-307.

doi: 10.21053/ceo.2018.01781. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Long-term Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids Study)

Doo Hee Han¹, Jae-Min Shin², Seokyung An^{3

4

5}, Jong Seung Kim⁶, Dong-Young Kim¹, Sungji Moon^{3

4

5}, Jung-Soo Kim⁷, Joong Saeng Cho⁸, Si Whan Kim⁹, Young Hyo Kim¹⁰, Hwan-Jung Roh¹¹, Woo Sub Shim¹², Ki-Sang Rha¹³, Sang-Wook Kim^{14

15}, Seung-Sin Lee¹⁶, Dae Woo Kim¹⁷, Kyu-Sup Cho¹¹, Hyo Jin Yim¹, Sue K Park^{3

4

5}, Chae-Seo Rhee^{1

18

19

20}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
² Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
³ Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
⁵ Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
⁷ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
⁸ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁹ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
¹¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
¹² Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
¹³ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
¹⁴ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
¹⁵ Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁷ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁸ Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁹ Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
²⁰ Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Korea.

PMID: 30992421
PMCID: PMC6635702
DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.01781

Long-term Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids Study)

Doo Hee Han et al. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Aug.

. 2019 Aug;12(3):301-307.

doi: 10.21053/ceo.2018.01781. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
² Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
³ Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
⁵ Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
⁷ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
⁸ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
⁹ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
¹⁰ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
¹¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
¹² Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
¹³ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
¹⁴ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea.
¹⁵ Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
¹⁶ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁷ Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁸ Graduate School of Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
¹⁹ Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
²⁰ Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Biomedical Research Center, Seoul, Korea, Korea.

PMID: 30992421
PMCID: PMC6635702
DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2018.01781

Abstract

Objectives: There is a great deal of interest in the possibility that environmental factors may influence the risk of developing allergic rhinitis (AR) in early life. We investigated the simultaneous effects of mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding on the development of AR in children.

Methods: Data from 1,374 children participating in the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for kids (ARCO-kids study) was analyzed. All subjects were divided into AR or non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) groups. Data on environmental factors, mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding were collected using a questionnaire.

Results: Compared with short-term breastfeeding (<6 months), long-term breastfeeding (≥12 months) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of AR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.88). Children in the AR group also had a higher cesarean delivery rate than those in the NAR group (39.1% vs. 32.8%, P=0.05). Regarding the combined effects of mode of delivery and duration of breastfeeding, long-term breastfeeding with a vaginal delivery strongly suppressed the development of AR, compared to short-term breastfeeding with a cesarean delivery (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.73).

Conclusion: Long-term breastfeeding (≥12 months) and a vaginal delivery are associated with a lower risk of developing childhood AR.

Keywords: Breast Feeding; Cesarean Section; Delivery, Obstetric; Environment; Rhinitis, Allergic.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

**Fig. 1.**
The 14 participating centers located in the six provinces of Korea, from the Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for kids (ARCO-kids).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Long-term Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids Study)

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Long-term Breastfeeding in the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis Cohort Study for Kids (ARCO-Kids Study)

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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