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Editorial
. 2019 Mar;11(Suppl 3):S347-S351.
doi: 10.21037/jtd.2018.12.112.

The ABCs of preventing hyperprogressive disease after immunotherapy: awareness, biomarkers, and combination

Kenichi Suda  1
Affiliations
Editorial

The ABCs of preventing hyperprogressive disease after immunotherapy: awareness, biomarkers, and combination

Kenichi Suda. J Thorac Dis. 2019 Mar.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The author has no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tumor cell growth curves and the concept of hyperprogressive disease. (A) Tumors sometimes do not respond to a new therapy [immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), in this figure] and continue to grow [progressive disease (PD)]. Hyperprogressive disease (HPD), a phenomenon of accelerated tumor progression after switching to ICI, is occasionally observed. (B) Modified Gompertz growth curve showing that the growth speed of a tumor may change depending on the amount of tumor cells even during the natural course of disease (i.e., without treatment).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Types of progression-free survival (PFS) curves observed in randomized trials that compared PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (monotherapy or in combination) vs. cytotoxic drugs. PFS curves can be classified in three groups (6-8,10-17). (A) Survival is lower in the immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) arm in the early stage of the trial but crosses with the control arm 3–6 months after starting treatment and then shows better PFS. (B) Survival curves are identical between the two arms in the early stage of the trial (~3 months) and then the ICI arm shows higher PFS. (C) Survival curves separate at the early stage of the trial and show a better treatment outcome in the ICI arm. Examples of trials are summarized below the PFS curves. DOC, docetaxel; CTx, cytotoxic chemotherapy; Bev, bevacizumab; 1L, front-line setting; 2L, second-line or later setting; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; SQ, squamous cell carcinoma.
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References

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