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. 2019 Jun;27(6):925-931.
doi: 10.1002/oby.22476. Epub 2019 Apr 20.

Physiological Predictors of Weight Regain at 1-Year Follow-Up in Weight-Reduced Adults with Obesity

Siren Nymo  1   2 , Silvia R Coutinho  1 , Jens F Rehfeld  3 , Helen Truby  4 , Bård Kulseng  1   5 , Catia Martins  1   5
Affiliations

Physiological Predictors of Weight Regain at 1-Year Follow-Up in Weight-Reduced Adults with Obesity

Siren Nymo et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess whether changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), exercise-induced energy expenditure (EIEE), and appetite following weight loss (WL) are associated with weight regain at 1 year.

Methods: Thirty-six adults with obesity underwent 8 weeks of a very-low-energy diet, followed by 4 weeks of refeeding and a 1-year maintenance program. RMR, EIEE, appetite ratings, and active ghrelin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin, and insulin concentrations were measured at baseline, week 13, and 1 year.

Results: A 17% WL (-20 ± 5 kg [mean ± SD]; range: -11.7 to -32.2 kg; P < 0.001) was achieved at week 13. After 1 year, weight regain was 2.5 ± 9.0 kg (not significant), ranging from -18.2 to 22.5 kg. Both fat mass and fat-free mass were reduced at week 13 (-17.9 ± 4.8 and -2.9 ± 2.7 kg, respectively; P < 0.001), while only loss of fat mass was sustained at 1 year. WL was associated with reduced RMR, EIEE, and fasting/postprandial insulin (all P < 0.001), as well as increased fasting hunger (P < 0.01) and fasting/postprandial active ghrelin (P < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between changes in RMR, EIEE, or appetite with WL and weight regain at 1 year.

Conclusions: No clear evidence emerged that changes in RMR, EIEE, or appetite following WL can predict weight regain at 1 year, but larger studies are needed to confirm these results.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01834859.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Association between diet‐induced changes (%) in (A) hunger feelings in fasting, (B) fasting AG plasma concentration, (C) AG AUC, and (D) CCK AUC and percent weight regain at 1‐year follow‐up (n = 34). AG, active ghrelin; AUC, area under the curve; CCK, cholecystokinin.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between diet‐induced changes (%) in (A) RMR (kcal/kg FFM/d) and (B‐D) EIEE and percent weight regain at 1‐year follow‐up (n = 34). EIEE, exercise‐induced energy expenditure; FFM, fat‐free mass; RMR, resting metabolic rate.
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