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. 2019 Apr 8:13:18.
doi: 10.1186/s13037-019-0198-0. eCollection 2019.

Preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery: a prospective survey at a general hospital in Ethiopia

Asres Bedaso  1 , Mohammed Ayalew  1
Affiliations

Preoperative anxiety among adult patients undergoing elective surgery: a prospective survey at a general hospital in Ethiopia

Asres Bedaso et al. Patient Saf Surg. .

Abstract

Background: Major life changes are among factors that cause anxiety, and one of these changes is surgery. Hospitalization, regardless of disease, is known to provoke anxiety in the patient admitted for surgery. Anxiety is an unpleasant disturbing experience that involves way of thinking of tension, apprehension, uneasiness and high autonomic activity. Patients with high levels of anxiety require higher doses of anesthetic induction agents and recover poorly. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and its predictors among adult patients scheduled for elective surgery.

Methodology: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted using interviewer administered structured questionnaire in Yirgalem zonal hospital in Ethiopia from November 1, to December 30, 2018 on 407 patients scheduled for elective surgery. The study included all patients with age greater than 18 years who were undergoing surgery. Patients with known anxiety disorder and unable to communicate were excluded from the study. State and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) measurement scale was used to assess preoperative anxiety. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of preoperative anxiety. The strength of the association was presented using AOR with 95% confidence interval and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results: Among a total of 402 patients enrolled in the study 228 (56.7%) were male. The prevalence of preoperative anxiety among scheduled patients for elective surgery was 47.0%. Having strong social support (AOR = .16 CI = 0.07, 0.34), harm from doctor or nurse mistake (AOR = 5.03, CI = 2.85, 8.89), unexpected result of operation (AOR = 3.03, CI = 1.73, 5.19), unable to recover (AOR = 2.96, CI = 1.18, 4.87), and need of blood transfusion (AOR = 2.76, CI = 1.65, 4.62) were significantly associated with preoperative anxiety.

Conclusion: In the current study the prevalence of preoperative anxiety was high (47%). Having strong social support, unexpected result of operation, harm from doctor or nurse mistake, need of blood transfusion, and unable to recover were found to be statistically significant for preoperative anxiety. Patients need to be assessed regularly for anxiety during the preoperative visit.

Keywords: Anxiety; Ethiopia; Preoperative; Surgery; Yirgalem.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Board of Hawassa University, college of medicine and health sciences on the date of 06/10/2018 with Ref No: IRB/017/18. Written consent was sought from individuals who agreed to participate in the study. Institutional review board approved the methods of data collection and forms of consent. Illiterate participants gave a fingerprint to indicate consent. Study participants were briefed about the objectives of the study. Also, before the interview begun clarification was given for study participants who raised unclear points related to the study. Confidentiality was maintained by omitting identifiers from the data collection tool and privacy was ensured during the interview. Any participants who are not willing to participate in the study were not forced to participate.Written consent was taken from the study participants for publications of this study.Both authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Type of surgery among patient who were undergoing elective surgery at general hospital in Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 402)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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