Severity stratification and prognostic prediction of patients with acute pancreatitis at early phase: A retrospective study

Abstract

Severity stratification and prognostic prediction at early stage is crucial for reducing the rates of mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aim to investigate the predicting performance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red-cell distribution width (RDW) combined with severity scores (sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA], bed-side index for severity of AP [BISAP], Ranson criteria, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II]) for severe AP (SAP) and mortality.A total of 406 patients diagnosed with AP admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital were enrolled. Demographic information and clinical parameters were retrospectively collected and analyzed. NLR, PLR, RDW, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and AP severity scores (SOFA, BISAP, Ranson, and APACHE II) were compared between different severity groups and the survival and death group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for SAP and 28-day mortality were calculated for each predictor using cut-off values. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis and logistic regression models were performed to compare the performance of laboratory biomarkers and severity scores.Our results showed that NLR, PLR, RDW, glucose, and BUN level of the SAP group were significantly increased compared to the mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group on admission (P < .001). The severity of AP increased as the NLR, SOFA, BISAP, and Ranson increased (P < .01). The AUC values of NLR, PLR, RDW, BUN, SOFA, BISAP, Ranson, and APACHE II to predict SAP were 0.722, 0.621, 0.787, 0.677, 0.806, 0.841, 0.806, and 0.752, respectively, while their AUC values to predict 28-day mortality were 0.851, 0.693, 0.885, 0.765, 0.968, 0.929, 0.812, and 0.867, respectively. BISAP achieved the highest AUC, sensitivity and NPV in predicting SAP, while SOFA is the most superior in predicting mortality. The combination of BISAP + RDW achieved the highest AUC (0.872) in predicting SAP and the combination of SOFA + RDW achieved the highest AUC (0.976) in predicting mortality. RDW (OR = 1.739), SOFA (OR = 1.554), BISAP (OR = 2.145), and Ranson (OR = 1.434) were all independent risk factors for predicting SAP, while RDW (OR = 7.361) and hematocrit (OR = 0.329) were independent risk factors for predicting mortality by logistic regression model.NLR, PLR, RDW, and BUN indicated good predictive value for SAP and mortality, while RDW had the highest discriminatory capacity. RDW is a convenient and reliable indicator for prediction not only SAP, but also mortality.

Figure 1

Receiver-operating characteristics curve comparisons of different parameters in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (AP). APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, BISAP = bed-side index for severity of AP, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, NLR = neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR = platelet-lymphocyte ratio, RDW = red-cell distribution width, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.

Figure 2

Receiver-operating characteristics curve comparisons of different parameters in predicting 28-day mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, BISAP = bed-side index for severity of AP, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, NLR = neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR = platelet-lymphocyte ratio, RDW = red-cell distribution width, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.

Figure 3

Receiver-operating characteristics curve comparisons of different combinations of red-cell distribution width and severity scores in predicting severe acute pancreatitis (AP). APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, BISAP = bed-side index for severity of AP, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, NLR = neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PLR = platelet-lymphocyte ratio, RDW = red-cell distribution width, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.

Figure 4

Receiver-operating characteristics curve comparisons of different combinations of red-cell distribution width and severity scores in predicting 28-day mortality. APACHE II = acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II, BISAP = bed-side index for severity of acute pancreatitis, RDW = red-cell distribution width, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.