Hepatic complications of oral contraceptive pills and estrogen on MRI: Controversies and update - Adenoma and beyond

Abstract

Hepatic complications of oral contraceptive pills and exogenous estrogens include intrahepatic canalicular cholestasis, neoplasm formation and vascular pathologies. While it remains controversial as to whether estrogen plays a role in focal nodular hyperplasia, hemangioma or hamartoma, exposure to oral contraceptive pills and estrogen has a strong association with hepatic adenomas. Four different subgroups of adenomas have been described: Inflammatory, HNF-1α-mutated, β-catenin-mutated and unclassified. Vascular complications may include Budd-Chiari syndrome, vascular thrombosis, dilated sinusoids and peliosis.

Keywords: Budd-Chiari syndrome; HNF-1α-mutated; Hepatic adenoma; Inflammatory; Oral contraceptive pills and estrogen; Peliosis; β-Catenin-mutated and unclassified.