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Review
. 2019 Apr 20;11(4):193.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040193.

Current State and Future Perspectives on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems

Julu Tripathi  1 , Prakash Thapa  2 , Ravi Maharjan  3 , Seong Hoon Jeong  4
Affiliations
Review

Current State and Future Perspectives on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems

Julu Tripathi et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

In recent years, many attempts have been made to enhance the drug bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of oral dosage forms. In this context, various gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have been used to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have a narrow absorption window, are unstable at alkaline pH, are soluble in acidic conditions, and are active locally in the stomach. In this review, we discuss the physiological state of the stomach and various factors that affect GRDDS. Recently applied gastrointestinal technologies such as expandable, superporous hydrogel; bio/mucoadhesive, magnetic, ion-exchange resin; and low- and high-density-systems have also been examined along with their merits and demerits. The significance of in vitro and in vivo evaluation parameters of various GRDDS is summarized along with their applications. Moreover, future perspectives on this technology are discussed to minimize the gastric emptying rate in both the fasted and fed states. Overall, this review may inform and guide formulation scientists in designing the GRDDS.

Keywords: bioavailability; gastric retention time; gastroretentive drug delivery systems; narrow absorption window; polymer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic view on the anatomy of stomach.
Figure 2
Figure 2
GRDDS based on (a) low-density systems and (b) high-density systems.
Figure 3
Figure 3
GRDDS based on (a) expandable systems and (b) superporous hydrogel systems.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mucoadhesive GRDDS (a) general representation of mucoadhesive systems and (b) mechanism of mucoadhesive systems.
Figure 5
Figure 5
GRDDS based on raft-forming systems.
Figure 6
Figure 6
GRDDS based on magnetic systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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