β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase in combination improved growth performance and altered microbial profiles in weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet

Abstract

Objective: In this study, two glycosidases (XMosidases), β-xylosidase and -mannosidase, were investigated on their in vitro hydrolysis activities of feed and on the improvement of growth performance in vivo in weanling pigs.

Methods: Enzyme activities of XMosidases in vitro were evaluated in test tubes and simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion, respectively, in the presence of NSPase. In vivo study was performed in 108 weaned piglets in a 28-d treatment. Pigs were allotted to one of three dietary treatments with six replicate pens in each treatment. The three treatment groups were as follows: i) Control (basal diet). ii) CE (basal diets + CE); iii) CE-Xmosidases (basal diets +CE + β-xylosidase at 800U/kg and β-mannosidase at 40U/kg). CE was complex enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase and mannanase).

Results: In vitro XMosidases displayed significant activities on hydrolysis of corn and soybean meal in the presence of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes (xylanase and β-mannanase). In vitro simulation of gastric and small intestinal digestion by XMosidases showed XMosidases achieved 67.89±0.22% of dry matter digestibility and 63.12±0.21% of energy digestibility at 40 °C for 5 hrs. In weanling pigs, additional XMosidases to CE in feed improved ADG, F:G (p< 0.05) and ATTD of crude protein (p= 0.01) and dry matter (p=0.02). XMosidases also altered the gut bacterial diversity and composition by increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria.

Conclusion: Addition of a complex enzyme supplementation (contained xylanase, β-mannanase, protease and amylase), XMosidases (β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase) can further improve the growth performance and nutrient digestion of young pigs.

Keywords: Corn; Growth Performance; Piglet; Soybean meal; β-mannosidase; β-xylosidase.

Figure 1

Effects of XMosidases supplementation on gut bacterial community at the family level of weanling pigs. Relative read abundance of different bacterial families in the digesta of ileum (A), cecum (B), and colon (C) in the treatments (Control, CE, CE+XMosidases). Families with proportion less than 1% were not listed. Control was the unsupplemented group. CE was the group receiving a diet supplemented with a multi–enzyme complex containing xylanase, β-mannanase, protease and amylase. CE+XMosidases, CE was the group receiving a diet supplemented with a multi-enzyme complex; and XMosidases (β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase).

Figure 2

Effects of XMosidases supplementation on gut bacterial community at the genus level of weanling pigs. Relative read abundance of different bacterial genera in the digesta of ileum (A), cecum (B), and colon (C) in the treatments (Control, CE, CE+XMosidases). Genera with proportion less than 1% were not listed. Right panels demonstrated the alteration proportion of bacteria. Control was the unsupplemented group. CE was the supplemented group with multiple enzymes contained xylanase, β-mannanase, protease, and amylase in diets. CE+XMosidases, CE was the supplemented group with multiple enzymes; and XMosidases (β-xylosidase and β-mannosidase).