Machine behaviour

Iyad Rahwan^#^{1

2

3}, Manuel Cebrian^#⁴, Nick Obradovich^#⁴, Josh Bongard⁵, Jean-François Bonnefon⁶, Cynthia Breazeal⁴, Jacob W Crandall⁷, Nicholas A Christakis^{8

9

10

11}, Iain D Couzin^{12

13

14}, Matthew O Jackson^{15

16

17}, Nicholas R Jennings^{18

19}, Ece Kamar²⁰, Isabel M Kloumann²¹, Hugo Larochelle²², David Lazer^{23

24

25}, Richard McElreath^{26

27}, Alan Mislove²⁴, David C Parkes^{28

29}, Alex 'Sandy' Pentland⁴, Margaret E Roberts³⁰, Azim Shariff³¹, Joshua B Tenenbaum³², Michael Wellman³³

Affiliations

¹ Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.
² Institute for Data, Systems & Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.
³ Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany. irahwan@mit.edu.
⁴ Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
⁶ Toulouse School of Economics (TSM-R), CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France.
⁷ Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
⁸ Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁹ Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹¹ Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹² Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Konstanz, Germany.
¹³ Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
¹⁴ Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ The Sante Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁹ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
²⁰ Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA.
²¹ Facebook AI, Facebook Inc, New York, NY, USA.
²² Google Brain, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
²³ Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁴ College of Computer & Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁵ Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁶ Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
²⁸ School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁹ Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
³⁰ Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
³¹ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
³² Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
³³ Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 31019318
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1138-y

Free article

Review

Machine behaviour

Iyad Rahwan et al. Nature. 2019 Apr.

Free article

. 2019 Apr;568(7753):477-486.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1138-y. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.
² Institute for Data, Systems & Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. irahwan@mit.edu.
³ Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany. irahwan@mit.edu.
⁴ Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
⁶ Toulouse School of Economics (TSM-R), CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse, France.
⁷ Computer Science Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
⁸ Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁹ Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹¹ Yale Institute for Network Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹² Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Konstanz, Germany.
¹³ Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
¹⁴ Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
¹⁶ Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ The Sante Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK.
¹⁹ Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
²⁰ Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA.
²¹ Facebook AI, Facebook Inc, New York, NY, USA.
²² Google Brain, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
²³ Department of Political Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁴ College of Computer & Information Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁵ Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁶ Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
²⁸ School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²⁹ Harvard Data Science Initiative, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
³⁰ Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
³¹ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
³² Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
³³ Computer Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 31019318
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1138-y

Abstract

Machines powered by artificial intelligence increasingly mediate our social, cultural, economic and political interactions. Understanding the behaviour of artificial intelligence systems is essential to our ability to control their actions, reap their benefits and minimize their harms. Here we argue that this necessitates a broad scientific research agenda to study machine behaviour that incorporates and expands upon the discipline of computer science and includes insights from across the sciences. We first outline a set of questions that are fundamental to this emerging field and then explore the technical, legal and institutional constraints on the study of machine behaviour.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

Machine behaviour is old wine in new bottles.
Moss E, Chowdhury R, Rakova B, Schmer-Galunder S, Binns R, Smart A. Moss E, et al. Nature. 2019 Oct;574(7777):176. doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-03002-8. Nature. 2019. PMID: 31595073 No abstract available.

References

1. Simon, H. A. The Sciences of the Artificial (MIT Press, Cambridge, 1969). Simon asks whether there can be a science of the ‘artificial’ that produces knowledge about artificial objects and phenomena.
1. Milner, R. A modal characterisation of observable machine-behaviour. In Trees in Algebra and Programming, 6th Colloquium 25–34 (Springer, 1981). In this invited lecture, Robin Milner outlines the idea of studying machine behaviour using formal logic.
1. Thomaz, A. L. & Breazeal, C. Teachable robots: understanding human teaching behavior to build more effective robot learners. Artif. Intell. 172, 716–737 (2008).
1. Stone, P. et al. Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030. One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence: Report of the 2015–2016 Study Panel https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report (Stanford University, 2016).
1. O’Neil, C. Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy (Broadway Books, 2016). This book articulates some of the risks posed by the uncritical use of algorithms in society and provides motivation for the study of machine behaviour.

Publication types

Actions
Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Machine behaviour

Affiliations

Machine behaviour

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Comment in

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources