Incidence and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in middle-aged patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study

Abstract

Purpose: For early prevention, information regarding the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in middle-aged patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be more beneficial than that regarding MACE prevalence. But, literature comparing the incidence and risk of MACEs in middle-aged patients with CKD with the controls using a population-based cohort study is scant. Our aim was to estimate the incidence and risk of MACEs, such as congestive heart failure (CHF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), in middle-aged patients with advanced (stages 3-5) CKD.

Methods: From the National Health Insurance Research Database, 261 patients aged 35-65 years who had received advanced CKD diagnoses in 2000 and 1305 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls were recruited. Patients with CHF alone (MACE 1), IHD alone (MACE 2), or CHF and IHD (MACE 3) diagnoses between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2008, were identified in the CKD and control groups.

Results: Patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 50.0 ± 8.3 years; female, 56%) exhibited a higher incidence of MACE 1, MACE 2, and MACE 3 (11.9 vs. 1.4/1000, 30.7 vs. 13.4/1000, and 13.4 vs. 1.7/1000 person-years, respectively, all p < 0.001) and were at a higher risk of experiencing MACEs than the controls (adjusted hazard ratios: MACE 1, MACE 2, and MACE 3: 8.57, 2.26, and 3.80, respectively, all p < 0.001).

Conclusions: CKD is an independent risk factor for CHF and IHD among patients aged 35-65 years. Early intervention for preventing CHF and IHD in middle-aged patients with CKD is crucial.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Congestive heart failure; Incidence; Ischemic heart disease.