Gender Confirmation Surgery for the Endocrinologist

Abstract

Endocrinologists are at the front line for providing gender-affirming care for transgender patients by managing hormone regiments before and after surgery. This article provides the endocrinologist with an overview of the surgical options for transgender and nonbinary patients considering gender confirmation surgery, including feminizing and masculinizing facial, chest, and genital reconstruction. Discussions of the impact of hormones on surgery, and vice versa, as well as information on surgical decision making are provided to help inform patient education via the endocrinologist.

Keywords: Gender confirmation; Mastectomy; Metoidioplasty; Phalloplasty; Sex-reassignment; Surgery; Transgender; Vaginoplasty.