Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Apr 29;20(4):1109-1112.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.4.1109.

The Effect of Hookah Use on Buccal Mucosa: Evaluation of Repair Index

Mehrdad Taghibakhsh  1 , Sareh Farhadi  2 , Afsaneh Babaee  3 , Maryam Sheikhi  3
Affiliations

The Effect of Hookah Use on Buccal Mucosa: Evaluation of Repair Index

Mehrdad Taghibakhsh et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Background and aim: Cigarettes, hookah, and tobacco are the most important etiologic factors for oral cancers and dysplastic lesions. This study was undertaken to determine the correlation between hookah use and the percentage of cells with micronucleus, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and broken egg in the buccal mucosa; and secondly to compare hookah user and non-user in terms of repair index. Materials and methods: The present historical cohort study was carried out on 72 samples taken from 36 hookah users and 36 control subjects. Smear samples were obtained from participants’ buccal mucosa for cytological evaluation using Papanicolaou technique. Then, the percentages of cells with micronucleus, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and broken egg were recorded and the repair index was calculated. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results: A total of 72 samples taken from 36 hookah users and 36 control subjects were evaluated. The means of micronucleus scores in the buccal mucosa cells of hookah users and controls were 10.7±2.6 and 5.8±2.0, the karyorrhexis scores in the hookah users and controls were 0.1±0.06 and 0.04±0.06, and the karyolysis scores in hookah users and controls were 0.16±0.05 and 0.08±0.06, respectively. These differences were statistically significant between hookah users and controls (P<0.001). The broken egg score was 0.66±0.07 for the hookah users and 0.03±0.04 for the control group, revealing a statistically significant difference (P<0.036). Finally, the repair index values were 0.03±0.01 and 0.05±0.13 in hookah users and controls, respectively. This difference was also significant (P<0.026). Conclusion: The percentages of cells with micronucleus, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and broken egg in the buccal mucosa of hookah users were significantly higher than those in control group; in addition, the repair index of the buccal mucosa cells in hookah users was significantly lower than that in the control group.

Keywords: Micronucleus; Repair Index; buccal mucosa; Hookah.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cytological Examination Show Micronucleus (White Arrows) and Broken Egg (Red Arrow) by x400 Magnification
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytological Examination Show Karyorrhexis (White Arrow) and Karyolysis (Red Arrow) by x400 Magnification
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

    1. Cançado RP, Yurgel LS, Filho MS. Comparative analyses between the smoking habit frequency and the nucleolar organizer n associated proteins in exfoliated cytology of smokers normal buccal mucosa. TobInduc Dis. 2004;2:43–9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. El-setouhy M, Loffred C A. Genotoxic effects of water pipe smoking on the buccal mucosa cells. Mutat Res. 2008;655:36–40. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Farhadi S, Jahanbani J, Jariani A, Ghasemi SH. Bio Monitoring of the Nuclear Abnormalities in smokers using buccal exfoliated cytology. Adv Biores. 2016;7:128–33.
    1. Farhadi S, Jolehar M, Babaeiha K. Evaluation of micronucleus frequency and related factors in the buccal mucosa of cone beam computed tomography-exposed subjects. J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci. 2017;2:10–5.
    1. Farhadi S, Mohamadi M, Mohamadi M. Repair Index in examination of nuclear changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers: A useful method for screening of oral cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18:3087–90. - PMC - PubMed