Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of intestinal disorders with self-destructive and chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, requiring long-term medications. However, as many side effects and drug resistance are frequently encountered, safer and more effective agents for IBD treatment are urgently needed. Over the past few decades, a variety of natural alkaloids made of plants or medicinal herbs have attracted considerable interest because of the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; additionally, these alkaloids have been reported to reduce the colonic inflammation and damage in a range of colitic models. In this review paper, we summarize the recent findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and emphasize their therapeutic potential for the treatment of IBD; obvious improvement of the colonic oxidative and pro-inflammatory status, significant preservation of the epithelial barrier function and positive modulation of the gut microbiota are the underlying mechanisms for the plant-derived alkaloids to treat IBD. Further clinical trials and preclinical studies to unravel the molecular mechanism are essential to promote the clinical translation of plant-derived alkaloids for IBD.

Keywords: action mechanism; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; plant-derived alkaloids; therapeutic effects.

FIGURE 1

Chemical structures of compounds 1–6.

FIGURE 2

Chemical structures of compounds 7–17.

FIGURE 3

Chemical structures of compounds 18–22.

FIGURE 4

Chemical structures of compounds 23–25.

FIGURE 5

Chemical structures of compounds 26–31.

FIGURE 6

Involved mechanisms of plant-derived alkaloids in treatment of IBD (Promotion ↑, inhibition ⊥).