Ten-Year Outcomes of Selective Fusions for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Abstract

Background: Selective fusions of the structural curve remain a common treatment strategy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, yet long-term outcomes are not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to report 10-year prospective radiographic and patient-rated outcomes of selective fusions of the main thoracic (MT) or thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve, with particular attention to the behavior of the uninstrumented, compensatory curve.

Methods: A prospectively collected multicenter database was used to identify patients who had been followed regularly for least 10 years after a selective MT or TL/L fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Interval radiographs were evaluated for coronal and sagittal Cobb angles as well as overall coronal balance. Scores on the Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-24) were catalogued and evaluated. Radiographic outcomes and SRS-24 scores were compared between preoperative and postoperative time points using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Individual patient records were screened for recent curve progression of >5°, and these cases were methodically evaluated.

Results: Fifty-one patients with selective fusions (21 MT and 30 TL/L) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who had been followed for at least 10 years were identified. The instrumented MT and TL/L curves were corrected by an average of 51% and 60%, respectively, at 10 years. The uninstrumented, compensatory curves had gradual spontaneous correction that approached the magnitude of the fused curve at 5 years postoperatively, with the correction maintained at 10 years. This led to excellent coronal balance. A subgroup of patients had recent progression of the primary curve adjacent to the prior fusion or within the instrumented segments, resulting in a compensatory progression of the uninstrumented curve. On the whole, SRS scores did not decrease during follow-up, and no patient had secondary operations.

Conclusions: Selective fusion of a primary thoracic or lumbar curve in properly selected patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis will result in spontaneous correction of the uninstrumented curve and a durable result for at least 10 years.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.