Students' Experiences With Death and Dying Prior to Medical School: A Content Analysis of Students' Written Reflections

Abstract

Background: Personal experiences with death and dying are common among medical students, but little is known about student attitudes and emotional responses to these experiences. Our objectives were to ascertain matriculating medical students' experiences with death and dying, describe the range of students' emotional responses, and identify reactions, behaviors, and perceived roles related to these and future experiences with death.

Methods: We provided a writing prompt to newly matriculated medical students asking them to "reflect on experiences you may have had with family or friends near the end of life." Content analysis was performed to identify themes in the responses.

Results: The 104 students in the entering class submitted 90 individual free-text responses (87%). Most (57%) students specifically mentioned at least 1 personal experience with death, with a range of emotional responses including sadness (29%), surprise (14%), and guilt (12%). Distinct themes emerged on content analysis including personal experiences with death, anticipated response to death in future, changes in body or mind of the dying person, thoughts and observations about others, and cognitive or existential responses. Few students wrote about religion or spirituality (8%) or palliative or hospice care (2%).

Conclusions: An understanding of students' premedical school experiences and emotional reactions to death may help educators frame curricula around end-of-life care. Educators could apply enhanced awareness to help students process their own experiences as they begin caring for patients and to focus on areas that were underrepresented in students' comments, such as religion, spirituality, palliative care, and hospice.

Keywords: emotion; end-of-life care; medical student; personal experience; qualitative analysis; reflection.