Expression Patterns of Growth Related Genes in Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with Different Growth Performance after Size Grading

Abstract

Fish shows great difference in growth rate between individuals during larval development and early growth. This difference seriously reduces the production efficiency in fish culture. Growth hormone (GH)/Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system is said to play some pivotal roles in fish growth. In this study, we investigated differences of GH, IGF1 and GHR gene expressions in juvenile red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) with different growth performance. Red spotted groupers were reared under the same environmental condition (water temperature 24±1℃, natural light) for 96 days after hatching. They were divided into 3 groups by size (fast growing, middle growing and slow growing groups: FGG, MGG, and SGG, respectively). RNA was extracted from the brain, liver and muscle tissues from each group, and target gene expression was examined by real-time PCR. In the brain with pituitary gland, expression of GH gene in FGG was significantly higher than the expression in SGG, but the expression of IGF1 and GHR genes in the muscle was highest in SGG. Difference of GHR and IGF1 mRNA in the liver between groups with different growth performance was less clear than that in other tissues, although level of IGF1 mRNA was higher in SGG than in MGG. These results suggest that hormonal governing of growth is not the same in fast growing and slow growing fish, and size grading could cause a shift of hormonal state and growth pattern in this species.

Keywords: Growth hormone; Growth hormone receptor; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Red spotted grouper; Size grading.

Fig. 1.. Expression level of GH mRNA in the brain+pituitary of juvenile red spotted grouper with different growth performance. Data represent the mean±SEM (n=14-20). Different letters above the bars represent significant differences (p<0.05). FGG, fast growing group; MGG, middle growing group; SGG, slow growing group; GH, growth hormone.

Fig. 2.. Expression levels of GHR (A), IGF1 (B) mRNA in the liver of juvenile red spotted grouper with different growth performance. Data represent the mean±SEM (n=19-20). Different letters above the bars represent significant differences (p<0.05). FGG, fast growing group; MGG, middle growing group; SGG, slow growing group; GHR, growth hormone receptor; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor 1.

Fig. 3.. Expression levels of GHR (A), IGF1 (B) mRNA in the muscle of juvenile red spotted grouper with different growth performance. Data represent the mean±SEM (n=19-20). Different letters above the bars represent significant differences (p<0.05). FGG, fast growing group; MGG, middle growing group; SGG, slow growing group; GHR, growth hormone receptor; IGF1, Insulin-like growth factor 1.