Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya

doi:10.3390/ijerph16091543

. 2019 May 1;16(9):1543.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16091543.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya

Susan Ontiri¹, Gathari Ndirangu², Mark Kabue³, Regien Biesma⁴, Jelle Stekelenburg^{5

6}, Collins Ouma⁷

Affiliations

¹ Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Nairobi 00800, Kenya. susan.ontiri@jhpiego.org.
² Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Nairobi 00800, Kenya. gathari.ndirangu@jhpiego.org.
³ Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. Mark.kabue@jhpiego.org.
⁴ Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. r.biesma@umcg.nl.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. jelle.stekelenburg@online.nl.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. jelle.stekelenburg@online.nl.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya. collinouma@yahoo.com.

PMID: 31052372
PMCID: PMC6539670
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091543

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya

Susan Ontiri et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019.

. 2019 May 1;16(9):1543.

doi: 10.3390/ijerph16091543.

Authors

Susan Ontiri¹, Gathari Ndirangu², Mark Kabue³, Regien Biesma⁴, Jelle Stekelenburg^{5

6}, Collins Ouma⁷

Affiliations

¹ Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Nairobi 00800, Kenya. susan.ontiri@jhpiego.org.
² Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Nairobi 00800, Kenya. gathari.ndirangu@jhpiego.org.
³ Jhpiego Corporation, An Affiliate of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. Mark.kabue@jhpiego.org.
⁴ Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. r.biesma@umcg.nl.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, Global Health, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands. jelle.stekelenburg@online.nl.
⁶ Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, 8934 AD Leeuwarden, The Netherlands. jelle.stekelenburg@online.nl.
⁷ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, Private Bag, Maseno 40105, Kenya. collinouma@yahoo.com.

PMID: 31052372
PMCID: PMC6539670
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091543

Abstract

In the last two decades, the use of short-acting methods of contraception has driven the increase of contraceptive use in Kenya. We assessed the factors associated with uptake of long-acting reversible contraception by women seeking family planning services in public health facilities in Kakamega County, Kenya. A mixed methods cross-sectional study through client exit surveys among 423 women seeking family planning services was done at 12 public health facilities in Kakamega County. Twelve in-depth interviews with health care providers from the study facilities further explored practices in provision of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC). Among women initiating contraceptive use, LARC method utilization was 20.6%. Women's tertiary education level, Protestant Christian religion, age at first birth, and having no desire for more children were significantly associated with utilization of LARC. Structural factors including shortage of human resource, provider bias and lack of adequate skills on provision of services were identified as key barriers to uptake of long-acting reversible contraception services.

Keywords: discontinuation; factors; family planning; long-acting reversible contraception; uptake.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Contraceptive methods chosen by the study participants.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Cited by

Use of long-acting reversible contraception among adolescents and young women in Kenya.
Kungu W, Khasakhala A, Agwanda A. Kungu W, et al. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 10;15(11):e0241506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241506. eCollection 2020. PLoS One. 2020. PMID: 33170851 Free PMC article.
Determinants of long-acting family planning utilization among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: further analysis of recent demographic and health survey data.
Alie MS, Abebe GF, Negesse Y, Girma D. Alie MS, et al. Front Glob Womens Health. 2025 Apr 10;6:1480509. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1480509. eCollection 2025. Front Glob Womens Health. 2025. PMID: 40275990 Free PMC article.
Determinants of long-acting reversible contraceptive use among women in Jawi woreda, North West Ethiopia: A case-control study.
Asres AW, Tiruneh AA, Ferede AG, Hunegnaw WA. Asres AW, et al. SAGE Open Med. 2022 Apr 25;10:20503121221094658. doi: 10.1177/20503121221094658. eCollection 2022. SAGE Open Med. 2022. PMID: 35492882 Free PMC article.
Utilization of Immediate Postpartum Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives among Women Who Gave Birth in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Usso AA, Adem HA, Dessie Y, Tura AK. Usso AA, et al. Int J Reprod Med. 2021 Nov 10;2021:1307305. doi: 10.1155/2021/1307305. eCollection 2021. Int J Reprod Med. 2021. PMID: 34805394 Free PMC article.
Trends and predictors of change of unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in Ethiopia, based on Ethiopian demographic and health surveys from 2005-2016: Multivariable decomposition analysis.
Tareke AA, Enyew EB, Endehabtu BF, Dubale AT, Eshetu HB, Wubante SM. Tareke AA, et al. PLoS One. 2022 Aug 18;17(8):e0272701. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272701. eCollection 2022. PLoS One. 2022. PMID: 35980895 Free PMC article.

See all "Cited by" articles

References

1. Blumenthal P., Voedisch A., Gemzell-Danielsson K. Strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy: Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2011;17:121–137. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmq026. - DOI - PubMed
1. Trussell J., Guthrie K. Choosing a contraceptive: Efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher R.A., Trussell J., Nelson A.L., Cates W., Stewart F.H., Kowal D., editors. Contraceptive Technology. 19th revised ed. Ardent Media, Inc.; New York, NY, USA: 2007. pp. 19–47.
1. Jacobstein R., Stanley H. Contraceptive implants: Providing better choice to meet growing family planning demand. Glob. Health Sci. Pract. 2013;1:11–17. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Frost J.J., Darroch J.E. Factors associated with contraceptive choice and inconsistent method use, United States, 2004. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health. 2008;40:94–104. doi: 10.1363/4009408. - DOI - PubMed
1. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Ministry of Health/Kenya. National AIDS Control Council/Kenya. Kenya Medical Research Institute. National Council for Population Development/Kenya . Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. ICF Macro; Rockville, MD, USA: 2015.

Publication types

Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Medical
- MedlinePlus Health Information

[1] Blumenthal P., Voedisch A., Gemzell-Danielsson K. Strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy: Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2011;17:121–137. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmq026. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Blumenthal P., Voedisch A., Gemzell-Danielsson K. Strategies to prevent unintended pregnancy: Increasing use of long-acting reversible contraception. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2011;17:121–137. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmq026. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Trussell J., Guthrie K. Choosing a contraceptive: Efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher R.A., Trussell J., Nelson A.L., Cates W., Stewart F.H., Kowal D., editors. Contraceptive Technology. 19th revised ed. Ardent Media, Inc.; New York, NY, USA: 2007. pp. 19–47.

[4] Trussell J., Guthrie K. Choosing a contraceptive: Efficacy, safety, and personal considerations. In: Hatcher R.A., Trussell J., Nelson A.L., Cates W., Stewart F.H., Kowal D., editors. Contraceptive Technology. 19th revised ed. Ardent Media, Inc.; New York, NY, USA: 2007. pp. 19–47.

[5] Jacobstein R., Stanley H. Contraceptive implants: Providing better choice to meet growing family planning demand. Glob. Health Sci. Pract. 2013;1:11–17. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Jacobstein R., Stanley H. Contraceptive implants: Providing better choice to meet growing family planning demand. Glob. Health Sci. Pract. 2013;1:11–17. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-12-00003. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Frost J.J., Darroch J.E. Factors associated with contraceptive choice and inconsistent method use, United States, 2004. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health. 2008;40:94–104. doi: 10.1363/4009408. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Frost J.J., Darroch J.E. Factors associated with contraceptive choice and inconsistent method use, United States, 2004. Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health. 2008;40:94–104. doi: 10.1363/4009408. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Ministry of Health/Kenya. National AIDS Control Council/Kenya. Kenya Medical Research Institute. National Council for Population Development/Kenya . Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. ICF Macro; Rockville, MD, USA: 2015.

[10] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. Ministry of Health/Kenya. National AIDS Control Council/Kenya. Kenya Medical Research Institute. National Council for Population Development/Kenya . Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2014. ICF Macro; Rockville, MD, USA: 2015.

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya

Affiliations

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Uptake and Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Kenya

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

Similar articles

Cited by

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical