Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 May;39(3):256-262.
doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.02.003.

Social Determinants of CKD Hotspots

Deidra C Crews  1 , Tessa K Novick  2
Affiliations
Review

Social Determinants of CKD Hotspots

Deidra C Crews et al. Semin Nephrol. 2019 May.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) hotspots are defined as countries, regions, communities, or ethnicities with a higher than average incidence of CKD when compared with the worldwide, country, or regional rates. Here, we describe what is known about socially determined CKD hotspots, that is, the burden of CKD among socially defined communities that often collocate geographically. We focus on the poor, the homeless, and the food insecure, and their intersection with other social determinants of health, including race/ethnicity. In addition to discussing the burden of CKD in these communities, we describe some efforts to mitigate this burden and identify gaps in current knowledge.

Keywords: Food insecurity; epidemiology; health disparities; homelessness; poverty.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: none.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
A potential bidirectional relation of poverty and CKD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Proposed relationship between housing instability and ESKD.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Proposed mechanisms by which food insecurity can lead to CKD/CKD progression. Abbreviations: HPA, hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal; SNS, sympathetic nervous system
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. The World Bank. Poverty & Equita Data, 2012; http://data.worldbank.org/topic/poverty, Accessed August 15, 2016.
    1. Chetty R, Stepner M, Abraham S, et al. The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States. 2001–2014. Jama. Apr 26 2016;315(16):1750–1766. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hossain MP, Goyder EC, Rigby JE, El Nahas M. CKD and poverty: a growing global challenge. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. January 2009;53(1):166–174. - PubMed
    1. Shoham DA, Vupputuri S. Kaufman JS, et al. Kidney disease and the cumulative burden of life course socioeconomic conditions: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Soc Sci Med October 2008;67(8):1311–1320. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The FAO Hunger Map 2015. 2015. http://www.fao.org/hunger/en/.

Publication types