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. 2019 May 3;19(9):2071.
doi: 10.3390/s19092071.

A Novel Internet of Things-Enabled Accident Detection and Reporting System for Smart City Environments

Fizzah Bhatti  1 , Munam Ali Shah  2 , Carsten Maple  3 , Saif Ul Islam  4
Affiliations

A Novel Internet of Things-Enabled Accident Detection and Reporting System for Smart City Environments

Fizzah Bhatti et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Internet of Things-enabled Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are gaining significant attention in academic literature and industry, and are seen as a solution to enhancing road safety in smart cities. Due to the ever increasing number of vehicles, a significant rise in the number of road accidents has been observed. Vehicles embedded with a plethora of sensors enable us to not only monitor the current situation of the vehicle and its surroundings but also facilitates the detection of incidents. Significant research, for example, has been conducted on accident rescue, particularly on the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for efficient and prompt rescue operations. The majority of such works provide sophisticated solutions that focus on reducing response times. However, such solutions can be expensive and are not available in all types of vehicles. Given this, we present a novel Internet of Things-based accident detection and reporting system for a smart city environment. The proposed approach aims to take advantage of advanced specifications of smartphones to design and develop a low-cost solution for enhanced transportation systems that is deployable in legacy vehicles. In this context, a customized Android application is developed to gather information regarding speed, gravitational force, pressure, sound, and location. The speed is a factor that is used to help improve the identification of accidents. It arises because of clear differences in environmental conditions (e.g., noise, deceleration rate) that arise in low speed collisions, versus higher speed collisions). The information acquired is further processed to detect road incidents. Furthermore, a navigation system is also developed to report the incident to the nearest hospital. The proposed approach is validated through simulations and comparison with a real data set of road accidents acquired from Road Safety Open Repository, and shows promising results in terms of accuracy.

Keywords: Internet of Things; accident detection; intelligent transportation systems; smart cities.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A generic IoT ecosystem comprising a variety of everyday objects.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Basic IoT architecture.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Generic architecture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Architecture of ADRS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Working of ADRS.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Overview of the proposed system.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Flow diagram of the proposed system.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Components for accident detection.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Components of the notification system.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Android Application. (a) Sign In Screen; (b) Sign Up Screen; (c) Start Tracking; (d) No Accident; (e) Accident Detected; (f) Alarm.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Experimental results. (a) accident details; (b) location of the accident.
Figure 12
Figure 12
G-force value while dropping a smartphone.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Experiment results. (a) comparison of accident detected; (b) accuracy percentage of experiments; (c) false reporting of experiments; (d) parameter based comparison.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Experimental results. (a) Comparison of experiments for the three cases. (b) False reporting in the three cases. (c) Estimated severity of accident for the three cases. (d) Accuracy percentage in the three cases.
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References

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    1. Khan A., Bibi F., Dilshad M., Ahmed S., Ullah Z., Ali H. Accident Detection and Smart Rescue System using Android Smartphone with Real-Time Location Tracking. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 2018;9:341–355. doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090648. - DOI
    1. Jackson L., Cracknell R. Road Accident Casualties in Britain and the World. House of Commons Library; London, UK: 2018.
    1. IEEE Pbs.gov.pk., Traffic Accidents (Annual) Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. [(accessed on 30 January 2019)]; Available online: http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/traffic-accidents-annual.

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