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. 2019 Oct;74(10):1969-1976.
doi: 10.1111/all.13863. Epub 2019 May 28.

Large local reactions to Hymenoptera stings: Outcome of re-stings in real life

Maria Beatrice Bilò  1 , Matteo Martini  2 , Valerio Pravettoni  3 , Donatella Bignardi  4 , Patrizia Bonadonna  5 , Gabriele Cortellini  6 , Magdalena Kosinska  7 , Donatella Macchia  8 , Marina Mauro  9 , Elisa Meucci  8 , Marita Nittner-Marszalska  7 , Vincenzo Patella  10 , Roberta Pio  11 , Oliviero Quercia  12 , Federico Reccardini  13 , Erminia Ridolo  14 , Michael Rudenko  15 , Maurizio Severino  8
Affiliations

Large local reactions to Hymenoptera stings: Outcome of re-stings in real life

Maria Beatrice Bilò et al. Allergy. 2019 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Large local reaction to Hymenoptera stings is usually defined as a swelling >10 cm which lasts longer than 24 hours, sometimes associated with erythema, pruritus and blisters. Currently, the risk of subsequent systemic reactions after re-stings is considered low (2%-15%). Therefore, a diagnostic workup in case of large local reaction is often judged unnecessary, as well as adrenaline auto-injector and venom immunotherapy prescription. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the outcome of re-stings in a real-world setting, in patients with a history of one previous large local reaction.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled patients who experienced their first large local reaction (as per EAACI definition), treated with antihistamine and steroids. They were followed for field re-stings and assessed for risk of subsequent systemic reactions.

Results: We enrolled 662 patients. Out of the 225 re-stung subjects, 24% did not experience reactions, 52% reported a second large local reaction and 24% had systemic reactions. The risk of subsequent systemic reactions was higher in case of skin test reactivity to Apis mellifera or Vespula species (OR 2.1 and 3.8, respectively), in particular if positive at 0.001 µg/mL concentration (OR 13.4 and 16.5, respectively).

Conclusions: Systemic reactions, after a previous large local reaction, occur more frequently than that reported by literature. After analysing the predictive role of large local reactions for systemic reactions, we demonstrated that an accurate diagnostic workup may be considered, particularly skin tests. Further studies in different countries are needed to confirm these results and large local reaction management.

Keywords: Hymenoptera; large local reaction; skin test; specific IgE; venom allergy.

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REFERENCES

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