Pain in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: New insights using new criteria

Abstract

Features of the pain in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are complex and insufficiently known by clinicians. We enrolled 37 hEDS patients. Disease status was ascertained using revised 2017 International Classification criteria, in the EDS French National Reference Center. Patients were evaluated with a clinical examination, quantitative sensory testing, and validated questionnaires. Thirty-seven patients were evaluated. Pain had appeared at 10 ± 5 years old and became chronic at 20 ± 9 years old. hEDS was diagnosed at only 24 ± 10 years old. Ninety-seven percent of them had severe chronic pain, which gradually increased over time in 75% of them. The main location of pain was in joints and predominated in lower limbs. Patients with a generalized presentation of pain had older chronic pain and a higher impact on the affective component. Neuropathic pain was frequent in the most painful joint and associated with heat hypoesthesia. An asymmetric proprioception was found in one third of the patients. A very high rate of attempted suicide was observed. To conclude, pain in hEDS is severe, chronic, and disabling. Sensorial and proprioceptive sensibilities are also affected. Peripheral neuropathic pain is frequent and central sensitization appears to be a key step in the evolution of disease.

Keywords: hyperalgesia; hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; neuropathic pain; pain; recurrent dislocation.