Application of a standard autoclaving protocol does not harm structural integrity of two-piece zirconia abutments under detachment force testing

Abstract

Objective: Aim was to assess the influence of a standard autoclaving protocol on the retention of zirconia abutments glued on titanium bases in two-piece implant abutments.

Materials and methods: Twenty-four CAD/CAM-generated zirconia abutments were adhesively cemented on prefabricated titanium bases. Before mechanical and thermal aging, the specimens were divided into two groups. Group 1 was subjected to a standard steam autoclaving protocol and Group 2 remained untreated (control). The tensile strength in all specimens was evaluated by a standardized pull-off test limited to a maximum force of 1000 N.

Results: Eleven samples in both groups could be subjected to pull-off testing. Ten samples in Group 1 and three samples in Group 2 failed, while all others reached the maximum pull-off force. This difference was statistically significant. The mean retention values for the failed samples were 694.53 ± 369.10 N in Group 1 and 890.78 ± 25.90 N in Group 2. This difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions: A standard autoclaving protocol does not reduce detachment force of two-piece zirconia abutments.

Clinical relevance: Clinical sterilization processes as recommended by regulatory authorities seem to be harmless to the structural integrity of two-piece zirconia implant abutments, at least with regard to the retention of the components.

Keywords: Autoclaving; Dental implant abutment; Detachment force; Resin cement; Zirconia.