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. 2019 Feb 4;6(1):e000280.
doi: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000280. eCollection 2019.

SLE: reconciling heterogeneity

Michael D Lockshin  1 , Medha Barbhaiya  1 , Peter Izmirly  2 , Jill P Buyon  2 , Mary K Crow  3
Affiliations

SLE: reconciling heterogeneity

Michael D Lockshin et al. Lupus Sci Med. .
No abstract available

Keywords: autoimmune disease; outcomes research; systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A proposed model of SLE-lupus spectrum illness that considers stakeholders’ definitions and the concept of time. Time 1 is first onset of clinical or laboratory abnormalities, time 2 first diagnosis, time 3 outcome measurement and time 4 transition to another illness. Practising doctors and their patients mostly ask what, epidemiologists who, when and where (to suggest answers to how and why) and investigators how and why. Most scientific research on SLE focuses on typical postdiagnosis SLE (clear area at the centre), but ignores prediagnosis (shaded area left), atypical illness (shaded area top) and transition illness (shaded area right). Practising physicians are more likely to consider SLE to be the entire spectrum (whole figure); epidemiologists, prediagnosis and typical SLE; investigators and administrators only postdiagnosis, typical SLE. UAS, undifferentiated autoimmune syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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