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Review
. 2019 Apr 26:7:66.
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00066. eCollection 2019.

CD90/Thy-1, a Cancer-Associated Cell Surface Signaling Molecule

Chloé Sauzay  1   2 , Konstantinos Voutetakis  3   4 , Aristotelis Chatziioannou  3   5 , Eric Chevet  1   2   6 , Tony Avril  1   2   6
Affiliations
Review

CD90/Thy-1, a Cancer-Associated Cell Surface Signaling Molecule

Chloé Sauzay et al. Front Cell Dev Biol. .

Abstract

CD90 is a membrane GPI-anchored protein with one Ig V-type superfamily domain that was initially described in mouse T cells. Besides the specific expression pattern and functions of CD90 that were described in normal tissues, i.e., neurons, fibroblasts and T cells, increasing evidences are currently highlighting the possible involvement of CD90 in cancer. This review first provides a brief overview on CD90 gene, mRNA and protein features and then describes the established links between CD90 and cancer. Finally, we report newly uncovered functional connections between CD90 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling and discuss their potential impact on cancer development.

Keywords: CD90; ER stress; IRE1; THY-1; cancer; invasion; migration.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
General features of CD90 molecule. (A) Number of publications until November 2018 referring to CD90 according to the different species collected in Pubmed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). (B) Tree representing the evolution of CD90 proteins among vertebrates. (C) The CD90 protein sequences from human, chimpanzee, mouse, and rat were aligned showing a highly conserved domains. The main features of the protein including the signal peptide (blue line), the V-type Ig domain (framed orange line), the N-glycosylation sites (n in rodents and N in primates), and the cysteines involved in the di-sulfite bond (C) are represented. (D) CD90 mRNA expression patterns in normal tissues from human, mouse and rat were analyzed using the EMBL-EBI Expression Atlas (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home). (E) CD90 protein expression patterns from human normal tissues were tested using the Human Protein Atlas (https://www.proteinatlas.org/). (F) CD90 signaling partners and ligands interacting in cis and trans were summarized including their involvement in different functions and cell types.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Links between CD90 and cancers. (A) Articles reporting CD90 in various human cancer types were collected using Pubmed and their distribution per cancer type is presented. (B) CD90 mRNA expression was analyzed among the various cancer types using the TCGA resource. The corresponding number of tumor specimens tested are indicated on the top of the graph. (C) CD90 mRNA expression was analyzed in the single cell RNA sequencing dataset from GBM specimens (Darmanis et al., 2017) using the EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/sc/home). Cell localization and cell types are also represented. (D) Frequency of CD90 gene alterations including mutations, gene amplification and deletion was analyzed among the different cancer types. (E) CD90 associated gene signature obtained from GBM specimens (Avril et al., 2017a) was tested in others cancer types using CancerMA tool (Feichtinger et al., 2012).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Links between CD90 and IRE1 activity in cancers. (A) Articles describing a role for the ER stress sensors IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 in human cancer disease were collected using Pubmed and their distribution represented per sensor type. (B) CD90 mRNA expression was analyzed according to IRE1 activity from GBM, kidney and pancreas cancers (TCGA resources). Cancer patients were classified in regard to IRE1 and XBP1s/RIDD activities as described in Lhomond et al. (2018). (C) A schematic representation of the possible CD90 regulation by IRE1 is presented.
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