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. 2019 Apr 4:2019:5276841.
doi: 10.1155/2019/5276841. eCollection 2019.

Separation of Levofloxacin from Industry Effluents Using Novel Magnetic Nanocomposite and Membranes Hybrid Processes

Azmat Ullah  1 , Muhammad Zahoor  1 , Sultan Alam  1 , Riaz Ullah  2 , Ali S Alqahtani  2   3 , Hafiz Majid Mahmood  4
Affiliations

Separation of Levofloxacin from Industry Effluents Using Novel Magnetic Nanocomposite and Membranes Hybrid Processes

Azmat Ullah et al. Biomed Res Int. .

Abstract

Magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MCN) was synthesized from waste biomass precursor, pineapple. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using different instrumental techniques and was used to remove levofloxacin (LEV) from effluents. The maximum sorption of LEV was observed at pH 7. Pseudo-2nd-order (PSO) kinetic was found to be the best model that fits well the adsorption kinetics data. For Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the R2 value was higher as compared with other isotherms. The Van't Hoff equation was used for thermodynamic parameters determinations. ΔS° (standard entropy) was positive and ΔG° (standard Gibb's free energy) was negative: -0.37, -1.81, and -3.73 kJmol-1 corresponding to 25, 40, and 60°C. The negative values of ΔG° at different temperatures stipulate that the adsorption of LEV was spontaneous in nature and adsorbent has a considerable affinity for LEV molecules. The MCN was then utilized in hybrid way by connecting with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in series and as a result enhanced permeate fluxes were observed. The percent retention of LEV molecules was lower with UF membrane and with NF it was 96%, while it was 100% with RO. For MCN/UF and MCN/NF systems, improvement in % retention was recorded.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
MCN/UF/NF/RO pilot plant.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Characterization of MCN.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Adsorption kinetics plots of LEV onto pineapples magnetic carbon nanocomposite ((a)= effect of time, (b)= pseudo-1st-order, (c)= pseudo-2nd-order, and (d)= intraparticle diffusion).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adsorption isotherms of LEV onto pineapples magnetic carbon nanocomposite ((a)= effect of LEV concentration on adsorption, (b)= Langmuir isotherm, (c)= Freundlich isotherm, and (d)= Temkin isotherm).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of pH and adsorbent dosage on LEV adsorption.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of MCN on membrane parameters ((a)= percent retention by NF membrane and MCN/NF hybrid system, (b)= percent retention of LEV by R/O membrane and MCN/RO membrane in hybrid system, (c)=percent retention by UF membrane and MCN/UF hybrid system, (d)= effect of LEV on UF permeate flux, (e)= effect of LEV on NF permeate flux, (f)= effect of LEV on RO permeate flux, (g)= improved permeate flux of UF/MCN process, (h)= improved permeate flux of NF/MCN, and (i)= improved permeate flux in RO/ MCN hybrid system).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Van't Hoff plot of adsorption of LEV onto MCN.
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