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Review
. 2019 May 1;10(suppl_2):S154-S163.
doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy107.

Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes: Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Celia Alvarez-Bueno  1 , Ivan Cavero-Redondo  1 , Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino  1   2 , Mercedes Sotos-Prieto  3   4   5 , Jonatan R Ruiz  6 , Angel Gil  7   8   9   10
Affiliations
Review

Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes: Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Celia Alvarez-Bueno et al. Adv Nutr. .

Abstract

Dairy product consumption has been related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence, although data from epidemiological studies have shown mixed results regarding the association of dairy products and T2D risk. This overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses aimed to examine the scientific literature available on the association between dairy product consumption and T2D risk. A literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April, 2018. Forest plots summarized the risk ratios (RRs) reported by meta-analyses on high compared with low and dose-response dairy product consumption. The risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We included 12 meta-analyses, reporting data from 4-22 cohort studies and from 4-23 populations. The participants' ages ranged from 20 to 88 y, and participants were followed up for from 4 to 30 y. Studies included 64,227-566,875 participants and reported 4810-44,474 cases of T2D. Most studies reported an inverse association between T2D incidence and dairy product consumption, especially for 1) total dairy products (range: 0.86-0.91), 2) low-fat dairy products (range: 0.81-0.83), 3) low-fat milk (RR: 0.82), and 4) yogurt (range: 0.74-0.86). Dose-response analyses showed a decreased T2D risk for 1) 200-400 g/d of total dairy products (range: 0.93-0.97) and 2) 200 g/d of low-fat dairy products (range: 0.88-0.91). Total dairy product consumption is associated with a lower risk of T2D, especially for yogurt and low-fat dairy consumption. The association with cheese is moderate. Moreover, dose-response analyses showed that the risk of T2D decreased by each unit increase in consumption of total dairy products and low-fat dairy products.

Keywords: cheese; dairy products; diabetes mellitus; meta-analysis; milk; review; type 2 diabetes; yogurt.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Literature search: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Forest plot for the association between high compared with low dairy product consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes by type of dairy product. RR, risk ratio.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Forest plot for the association of dose–response dairy product consumption with risk of type 2 diabetes by type and amount of dairy product. RR, risk ratio.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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