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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Jul 1;10(4):647-659.
doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy122.

Intake of Palm Olein and Lipid Status in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Phooi Tee Voon  1 , Sin Tien Lee  1   2 , Tony Kock Wai Ng  3 , Yen Teng Ng  1 , Xiou Shuang Yong  4 , Verna Kar Mun Lee  5 , Augustine Soon Hock Ong  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Intake of Palm Olein and Lipid Status in Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analysis

Phooi Tee Voon et al. Adv Nutr. .

Abstract

It is not clear whether a saturated fatty acid-rich palm olein diet has any significant adverse effect on established surrogate lipid markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We reviewed the effect of palm olein with other oils on serum lipid in healthy adults. We searched in MEDLINE and CENTRAL: Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1975 to January 2018 for randomized controlled trials of ≥2 wk intervention that compared the effects of palm olein (the liquid fraction of palm oil) with other oils such as coconut oil, lard, canola oil, high-oleic sunflower oil, olive oil, peanut oil, and soybean oil on changes in serum lipids. Nine studies were eligible and were included, with a total of 533 and 542 subjects on palm olein and other dietary oil diets, respectively. We extracted and compared all the data for serum lipids, such as total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and TC/HDL cholesterol ratio. When comparing palm olein with other dietary oils, the overall weighted mean differences for TC, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and the TC/HDL cholesterol ratio were -0.10 (95% CI: -0.30, 0.10; P = 0.34), -0.06 (95% CI: -0.29,0.16; P = 0.59), 0.02 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.04; P = 0.20), 0.01 (95% CI: -0.05, 0.06; P = 0.85), and -0.15 (95% CI: -0.43, 0.14; P = 0.32), respectively. Overall, there are no significant differences in the effects of palm olein intake on lipoprotein biomarkers (P > 0.05) compared with other dietary oils. However, dietary palm olein was found to have effects comparable to those of other unsaturated dietary oils (monounsaturated fatty acid- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich oils) but differed from that of saturated fatty acid-rich oils with respect to the serum lipid profile in healthy adults.

Keywords: healthy adults; lipid profile; meta-analysis; palm olein; saturated fatty acid.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The versatility of palm oil and its fractions in food and nonfood applications. RBD, refined, blended, deodorized.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow chart of study selection (updated to January 2018). Two citations were found eligible for inclusion: 1) Lucci et al. 2016 (29) was not available using the keyword search but was published and available in PubMed; 2) Sun et al. 2017 (26) was published online but was not available in PubMed during the searches. PubMed: 80 citations (Supplemental Material 1); Cochrane Library: 105 citations (Supplemental Material 2); and excluded papers: 101 citations (Supplemental Material 3).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Forest plot showing the effect of palm olein on serum TC compared with other oils (A), SFA-rich oil (B), MUFA-rich oil (C), or PUFA-rich oil (D) in healthy adults. CAN, canola oil; CO, coconut oil; F, female; HOS, high oleic sunflower oil; L, lard; M, male; OO, olive oil; PE, peanut oil; SBO, soybean oil.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Forest plot showing the effect of palm olein on serum LDL cholesterol compared with other oils (A), SFA-rich oil (B), MUFA-rich oil (C), or PUFA-rich oil (D) in healthy adults. CAN, canola oil; CO, coconut oil; F, female; HOS, high oleic sunflower oil; L, lard; M, male; OO, olive oil; PE, peanut oil; SBO, soybean oil.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Forest plot showing the effect of palm olein on serum HDL cholesterol compared with other oils (A), SFA-rich oil (B), MUFA-rich oil (C), or PUFA-rich oil (D) in healthy adults. CAN, canola oil; CO, coconut oil; F, female; HOS, high oleic sunflower oil; L, lard; M, male; OO, olive oil; PE, peanut oil; SBO, soybean oil.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Forest plot showing the effect of palm olein on serum TGs compared with other oils (A), SFA-rich oil (B), MUFA-rich oil (C), or PUFA-rich oil (D) in healthy adults. CAN, canola oil; CO, coconut oil; F, female; HOS, high oleic sunflower oil; L, lard; M, male; OO, olive oil; PE, peanut oil; SBO, soybean oil.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Forest plot showing the effect of palm olein on serum TC/HDL cholesterol compared with other oils (A), SFA-rich oil (B), MUFA-rich oil (C), or PUFA-rich oil (D) in healthy adults. CAN, canola oil; CO, coconut oil; F, female; HOS, high oleic sunflower oil; L, lard; M, male; OO, olive oil; PE, peanut oil; SBO, soybean oil.
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