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. 2019 May 16:16:E62.
doi: 10.5888/pcd16.180372.

Secular Trends in Soda Consumption, California, 2011-2016

Matthew M Lee  1 , Jennifer Falbe  2 , Kristine A Madsen  2   3
Affiliations

Secular Trends in Soda Consumption, California, 2011-2016

Matthew M Lee et al. Prev Chronic Dis. .

Abstract

Consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (including soda) has declined nationally, but trends by state are unknown. We used data from the California Health Interview Survey to assess overall changes in soda consumption among adults aged 18 or older from 2011 through 2016 and identified differences by education and income level. Frequency of soda consumption (times per week) declined from 2011 through 2014 by 16.5% but returned to 2011 levels in 2015 and 2016; trends did not differ by education or income. The proportion of the population that consumed soda did not change among adults with less than a high school diploma or equivalent, but declined significantly among those with at least a high school diploma. Our findings suggest that soda consumption remains a pressing public health problem in California.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Adjusted weekly soda consumption (excluding diet soda) and proportion of California adults aged 18 or older who consumed soda, from 2011 through 2016. A. Adjusted proportion of California adults who consumed any soda in the previous week, by year and education level (at least a high school diploma or equivalent compared with less than a high school diploma). Among those with a high school diploma or above, there were significant within-group differences (from 2011) in 2013 and 2014 (P < .001) and 2015 and 2016 (P < .01), and in 2014 there were significant between-group differences (P = .004). B. Adjusted estimated mean frequencies of weekly soda consumption, by year and education status (at least a high school diploma or equivalent compared with less than a high school diploma). Among those with a high school diploma or above, there were significant differences (from 2011) in weekly consumption frequency in 2013 (p = 0.004) and 2014 (P = .001). Consumption frequency was modeled by using a log link and gamma distribution, whereas the proportion of the California adult population who were soda consumers was modeled by using a log link and Poisson distribution with robust standard errors. All analyses were adjusted for education, race/ethnicity, sex, age, language, and income as a percentage of federal poverty level. Brackets indicate confidence intervals.
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