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Review
. 2019 May 16;20(10):2432.
doi: 10.3390/ijms20102432.

Dysbiosis Disrupts Gut Immune Homeostasis and Promotes Gastric Diseases

Devinder Toor  1 , Mishi Kaushal Wsson  2 , Prashant Kumar  3 , G Karthikeyan  4 , Naveen Kumar Kaushik  5 , Chhavi Goel  6 , Sandhya Singh  7 , Anil Kumar  8 , Hridayesh Prakash  9
Affiliations
Review

Dysbiosis Disrupts Gut Immune Homeostasis and Promotes Gastric Diseases

Devinder Toor et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Perturbation in the microbial population/colony index has harmful consequences on human health. Both biological and social factors influence the composition of the gut microbiota and also promote gastric diseases. Changes in the gut microbiota manifest in disease progression owing to epigenetic modification in the host, which in turn influences differentiation and function of immune cells adversely. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs, and any change in the diet pattern usually contribute to the changes in the colony index of sensitive strains known to release microbial content in the tissue micromilieu. Ligands released from dying microbes induce Toll-like receptor (TLR) mimicry, skew hypoxia, and cause sterile inflammation, which further contributes to the severity of inflammatory, autoimmune, and tumorous diseases. The major aim and scope of this review is both to discuss various modalities/interventions across the globe and to utilize microbiota-based therapeutic approaches for mitigating the disease burden.

Keywords: TLR mimicry; gut microbiota; immune epigenetics; macrophages; metabolism; sterile inflammation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Disruption of normal gut tissue micromilieu including intestinal villi and gut epithelium (A) during dysbiosis (B) perturb gut immune homeostasis and GI colony index, which is manifested by TLR mimicry, Th17 programming, and hypoxia, which sensitizes normalized gut tissue micromilieu (A) for the progression of gastric inflammatory and tumor diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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