Affiliations

• ¹ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Electronic address: ebulger@uw.edu.
• ² American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV.
• ³ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT.
• ⁴ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ.
• ⁵ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
• ⁶ Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO.
• ⁷ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
• ⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI.
• ⁹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
• ¹¹ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
• ¹² Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
• ¹³ Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA.
• ¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
• ¹⁵ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD.
• ¹⁶ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
• ¹⁷ Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA.
• ¹⁸ American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, IL; Department of Surgery, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.