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. 2019 May;22(3):262-269.
doi: 10.5223/pghn.2019.22.3.262. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Macronutrient Analysis of Human Milk according to Storage and Processing in Korean Mother

Min Hyung Kim  1 , Kyu Seok Shim  1 , Dae Yong Yi  1   2 , In Seok Lim  1   2 , Soo Ahn Chae  1   2 , Sin Weon Yun  1   2 , Na Mi Lee  1   2 , Su Yeong Kim  1 , Seung Kim  3
Affiliations

Macronutrient Analysis of Human Milk according to Storage and Processing in Korean Mother

Min Hyung Kim et al. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019 May.

Abstract

Purpose: As the importance of breastfeeding has been reinforced, human milk is often stored for practical reasons. Therefore, we evaluated optimal storage and processing methods for human milk from a nutritional standpoint.

Methods: Human milk samples were collected between June 2017 and February 2018. Also, data about maternal information were collected. Human milk was analyzed for macronutrients and caloric content. The samples were subdivided into groups for nutrient analysis. The control group (fresh milk) was not stored or processed. The other groups (9 groups) consisted of samples analyzed based on different storage temperatures (room temperature, refrigerated, frozen), defrosting methods (bottle warmer, room temperature thawing, microwave oven), and storage period (1 week, 1 month, 2 months) and compared with the control group.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the nutrient content of human milk among the collected samples. A significant change in the content of macronutrients in milk samples was observed under storage condition at different temperatures for 1 week with subsequent thawing with bottle warmer compared to fresh milk. Under storage at -20°C for 1 week with subsequent thawing with different defrosting methods, a significant change in the content of macronutrients in milk samples was observed compared to fresh milk. After storage at -20°C for different periods and thawing with a bottle warmer, a significant change in macronutrient content in milk samples was observed compared to fresh milk regardless of the storage period.

Conclusion: Unlike previous guidelines, changes in macronutrient content in milk samples were observed regardless of the method of storing and thawing. Apparently, it is proposed that mothers should feed fresh human milk to their babies without storing.

Keywords: Breastfeeding; Human milk; Infant formula; Macronutrients.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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