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Review
. 2019 May;8(2):122-130.
doi: 10.15420/aer.2019.8.3.

Acquired Long QT Syndrome and Electrophysiology of Torsade de Pointes

Nabil El-Sherif  1   2 , Gioia Turitto  3 , Mohamed Boutjdir  1   2   4
Affiliations
Review

Acquired Long QT Syndrome and Electrophysiology of Torsade de Pointes

Nabil El-Sherif et al. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2019 May.

Abstract

Congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) has been the most investigated cardiac ion channelopathy. Although congenital LQTS remains the domain of cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists and specialised centres, the much more frequently acquired LQTS is the domain of physicians and other members of healthcare teams required to make therapeutic decisions. This paper reviews the electrophysiological mechanisms of acquired LQTS, its ECG characteristics, clinical presentation, and management. The paper concludes with a comprehensive review of the electrophysiological mechanisms of torsade de pointes.

Keywords: Long QT syndrome; electrophysiology; torsade de pointes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Electrocardiographic Examples of Acquired Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) and Torsade de Pointes (TdP)
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Twelve-lead ECG from a Patient with Hypokalaemia and Hypomagnesaemia
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. Efavirenz-associated QT Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes Arrhythmia
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Correlation Between Specific Molecular Changes of Na Channel in Canine Surrogate Model of Long QT Syndrome Type 3, Electrophysiological Consequence, and Final Phenotype Presentation of Long QT Syndrome and Torsade de Pointes
Figure 5:
Figure 5:. Early and delayed afterdepolarizations in Long QT Syndrome
Figure 6:
Figure 6:. ECG Recordings from an In Vivo Canine Anthopleurin-A Surrogate Model of Long QT Syndrome Type 3
Figure 7:
Figure 7:. Isochronal Maps of Nonsustained and Sustained Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Shown in Figure 6
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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