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. 2019 May 21;12(10):1650.
doi: 10.3390/ma12101650.

Complex Characterization and Behavior of Waste Fired Brick Powder-Portland Cement System

Viviana Fátima Rahhal  1 , Mónica Adriana Trezza  2 , Alejandra Tironi  3 , Claudia Cristina Castellano  4 , Milena Pavlíková  5 , Jaroslav Pokorný  6 , Edgardo Fabian Irassar  7 , Ondřej Jankovský  8 , Zbyšek Pavlík  9
Affiliations

Complex Characterization and Behavior of Waste Fired Brick Powder-Portland Cement System

Viviana Fátima Rahhal et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Two waste fired brick powders coming from brick factories located in Argentine and Czech Republic were examined as alternative mineral admixtures for the production of blended cements. In pastes composition, local Portland cements (Argentine and Czech) were substituted with 8-40%, by mass, with powdered ceramic waste. For the ceramic waste-Portland cement system, workability, the heat released, pozzolanity, specific density, compressive strength, hydrated phases, porosity, and pore size distribution were tested. The relevance of the dilution effect, filler effect, and pozzolanic activity was analyzed to describe the general behavior of the pozzolan/cement system. The properties and performance of cement blends made with finely ground brick powder depended on the composition of ceramic waste and its reactivity, the plain cement used, and the replacement level. Results showed that the initial mini-slump was not affected by a low ceramic waste replacement (8% and 16%), and then it was decreased with an increase in the ceramic waste content. Brick powder behaved as a filler at early ages, but when the hydration proceeded, its pozzolanic activity consumed partially the calcium hydroxide and promoted the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates depending on the age and present carbonates. Finally, blended cements with fired brick powder had low compressive strength at early ages but comparable strength-class at later age.

Keywords: analysis of hydrated products; heat of hydration; physical and chemical parameters; pozzolan; red ceramic waste.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD pattern of ceramic waste used (M = muscovite; F = Feldspar; Q = Quartz; H = Hematite).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Morphology of ceramic powders obtained by SEM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Elemental distribution maps of the major elements in ArgCW (a) and CzCW (b) obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scale bar is 10 μm and 50 μm, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Results of the mini-slump test expressed as initial spread diameter of cement pastes containing different amounts of ceramic waste (CW).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Results of Frattini test on day 2, 7, and 28.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The heat of evolution and cumulative heat released for blended cements: (a) ArgPC-ArgCW; (b) CzPC-CzCW.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The Pore size distribution of blended pastes.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Compressive strength of blended cements: (a) ArgCW-ArgPC and (b) CzCW-CzPC.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Relationship between the cumulative pore volume of pores greater than 0.05 µm and the compressive strength.
Figure 10
Figure 10
XRD pattern for (a) ArgPC; (b) ArgPC + 40%ArgCW; (c) CzPC; (d) CzPC + 40%CzCW. (E: ettringite, Hc: hemicarboaluminate, Mc: monocarboaluminate, CH: calcium hydroxide).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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