Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2019 Jun;60(6):491-499.
doi: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.6.491.

Sedation Strategies for Procedures Outside the Operating Room

Youn Yi Jo  1 , Hyun Jeong Kwak  2
Affiliations
Review

Sedation Strategies for Procedures Outside the Operating Room

Youn Yi Jo et al. Yonsei Med J. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

With the rapid development of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed outside the operating room (OR), the need for appropriate sedation care has emerged in importance to ensure the safety and comfort of patients and clinicians. The preparation and administration of sedatives and sedation care outside the OR require careful attention, proper monitoring systems, and clinically useful sedation guidelines. This literature review addresses proper monitoring and selection of sedatives for diagnostic and interventional procedures outside the OR. As the depth of sedation increases, respiratory depression and cardiovascular suppression become serious, necessitating careful surveillance using appropriate monitoring equipment.

Keywords: Sedation; capnography; dexmedetomidine; monitoring; procedure; remifentanil.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. BIS monitor and a sensor. The BIS is a processed electroencephalogram monitor that measures the hypnotic effects of anesthetics and sedatives. The BIS monitor (A) reports a single number from 0 to 100 that represents an integrated measure of cerebral electrical activity. A sensor (B) is placed usually placed at the forehead. BIS, bispectral index.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Practice Guidelines for Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia 2018: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Moderate Procedural Sedation and Analgesia, the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Dental Association, American Society of Dentist Anesthesiologists, and Society of Interventional Radiology. Anesthesiology. 2018;128:437–479. - PubMed
    1. Pino RM. The nature of anesthesia and procedural sedation outside of the operating room. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2007;20:347–351. - PubMed
    1. Cravero JP, Beach ML, Blike GT, Gallagher SM, Hertzog JH Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia with propofol for procedures outside the operating room: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:795–804. - PubMed
    1. Michel Foehn ER. Adult and pediatric anesthesia/sedation for gastrointestinal procedures outside of the operating room. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015;28:469–477. - PubMed
    1. Youn AM, Ko YK, Kim YH. Anesthesia and sedation outside of the operating room. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2015;68:323–331. - PMC - PubMed