Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2019 Sep:96:192-197.
doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.032. Epub 2019 May 4.

Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy

Grace Kong  1 , MeLisa R Creamer  2 , Patricia Simon  3 , Dana A Cavallo  3 , Jennifer Cornacchione Ross  4 , Josephine T Hinds  5 , Howard Fishbein  6 , Kevin Gutierrez  3
Affiliations

Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy

Grace Kong et al. Addict Behav. 2019 Sep.

Abstract

Introduction: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cigar research on youth to identify potential future research agenda to generate evidence to inform cigar regulations to prevent cigar use among youth.

Methods: We searched articles on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in April 2017 to identify articles relevant to cigars and adolescents. Two independent coders examined 48 articles to determine eligibility: (1) published between 2000-April 2017; (2) published in English; (3) conducted in the United States; (4) published in a peer-review journal; (5) examined cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars; (6) included youth (12-18 years old); and (7) included empirical data. Three independent coders reviewed the included articles (n = 48) to identify whether the studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities.

Results: The studies addressed FDA's Research Priorities of "behavior" (n = 48), "communications" (n = 4), "marketing influences" (n = 1), and "impact analysis" (n = 1). Studies on "behavior" underscored the need for improvements in measurement, such as using brand names and distinguishing cigar products. The review revealed the need for restrictions on cigar flavors, development of media campaigns and interventions, increasing the cost (via taxation), and evaluating the impact of cigar policies.

Conclusions: The studies mostly focused on surveillance of behaviors and use patterns, which revealed cigar specific issues to address in policies to decrease cigar use among youth. The lack of studies addressing other FDA's research priorities highlighted the critical need for future studies that inform prevention of youth cigar use.

Keywords: Adolescents; Cigarillos; Cigars; Little cigars; Review; Youth.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors do not have any financial relationships or conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Flowchart of study selection
Note: Studies may have been excluded for more than one reason, but reasons for exclusions were tabulated in the order presented.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Baker F, Ainsworth SR, Dye JT, Crammer C, Thun MJ, Hoffman D, … Shopland DR (2000). Health risks associated with cigar smoking. JAMA, 284(6), 735–740. doi: 10.1001/jama.284.6.735 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids. (2016). State excise tax rates for non-cigarette tobacco products. from https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0169.pdf
    1. Cantrell J, Kreslake JM, Ganz O, Pearson JL, Vallone D, Anesetti-Rothermel A, … Kirchner TR (2013). Marketing little cigars and cigarillos: Advertising, price, and associations with neighborhood demographics. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 1902–1909. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Carpenter CM, Wayne GF, Pauly JL, Koh HK, & Connolly GN (2005). New cigarette brands with flavors that appeal to youth: Tobacco marketing strategies. Health Affairs, 24, 1601–1610. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.6.1601 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cavazos-Rehg PA, Krauss MJ, Spitznagel EL, Lowery A, Grucza RA, Chaloupka FJ, & Bierut LJ (2014). Monitoring of non-cigarette tobacco use using Google Trends. Tobacco Control. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types