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. 2020 Jun;59(2):651-665.
doi: 10.1111/famp.12459. Epub 2019 May 25.

Perceived Parental Anxiety and Depressive Problems and Emerging Adult Oppositional Defiant Problems: Moderated Mediation by Psychological and Physical Maltreatment and Gender

Melanie Stearns  1 , Cliff McKinney  1
Affiliations

Perceived Parental Anxiety and Depressive Problems and Emerging Adult Oppositional Defiant Problems: Moderated Mediation by Psychological and Physical Maltreatment and Gender

Melanie Stearns et al. Fam Process. 2020 Jun.

Abstract
in English, Spanish, Chinese

Recent studies have argued that Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) problems continue into emerging adulthood; however, few studies have examined ODD problems in this population. Moreover, previous studies have found that corporal punishment mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety/depression and child ODD problems in young children and that parental psychopathology is likely to affect child ODD. This study examined how maternal as well as paternal maltreatment (i.e., psychological and physical) mediated the relationship between parental anxiety/depressive problems and emerging adult ODD problems (i.e., irritability and defiance). Furthermore, child and parent gender were examined as moderators (i.e., moderated mediation). Participants included 1,012 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental psychological and physical maltreatment, parental anxiety and depression, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. Results suggested that mediation occurred for the father-daughter dyad along the perceived paternal depressive problems → psychological and physical maltreatment → irritability paths and for the mother-son dyad along the perceived maternal depressive and anxiety problems → psychological maltreatment → defiance paths. Given that mediation occurred for only these gender dyads, moderated mediation was suggested.

Estudios recientes han argumentado que los problemas del Trastorno negativista desafiante (ODD por sus siglas en inglés) continúan en la adultez emergente; sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que han examinado problemas de ODD en esta población. Más aun, estudios previos han encontrado que el castigo corporal mediaba la relación entre la ansiedad/depresión maternal y los problemas infantiles de ODD en niños jóvenes y que la psicopatología parental probablemente afecta el ODD del niño. Este estudio examina cómo el maltrato maternal, así como el paternal (es decir, psicológico y físico) mediaron la relación entre problemas parentales de ansiedad/depresión y problemas de ODD en adultos emergentes (es decir, irritabilidad y desafío). Además, se examinó el género de niños y padres como moderadores (es decir, mediación moderada). Los participantes incluyeron a 1012 adultos emergentes que llenaron cuestionarios acerca del maltrato parental psicológico y físico, ansiedad y depresión parentales, y síntomas afectivos y conductuales de ODD. Los resultados sugirieron que la mediación ocurre con la díada padre-hijo por las vías de problemas paternales percibidos de depresión → maltrato psicológico y físico → irritabilidad, y con la díada madre-hijo por las vías de problemas maternales percibidos de depresión y ansiedad → maltrato psicológico → desafío. Dado que la mediación solo ocurrió para estas díadas de género, se sugirió una mediación moderada.

近年来的研究都认为成年初显期人群中的对立违抗性障碍 (ODD)持续增加,但是很少有专门研究这部分人群中的ODD问题。而且,已有的研究发现对身体的体罚调和了母亲方面的焦虑/抑郁情绪与青少年儿童自身的ODD问题之间的关系。家长方面的的精神疾病有可能影响到孩子的ODD。本研究旨在调查来自母亲和父亲方面的虐待(即心理和身体两方面的虐待)如何调和了家长焦虑/抑郁问题与初显成年人的ODD问题(即易怒和违抗)。此外,本研究特别关注了孩子和家长的性别的作用,即性别如何作为缓和性因素(即缓和性的调和)。参与者包括1,012名初显成人,他们完成了关于家长方面ODD的表现,本人受到的身体虐待,家长方面的焦虑和抑郁情绪,情感和行为方面的ODD症状等等各项内容的问卷。结果分析表明父亲-女儿两者之间的发展倾向为可感知的父亲方面的抑郁问题→ 生理和心理上的虐待→ 孩子易怒的发展途径;母亲-儿子两者之间的发展倾向为可感知的母亲方面的抑郁和焦虑问题 → 心理上的虐待 → 孩子违抗发展路径。鉴于调和性作用只发生在这些性别相关的二元关系中,建议视情况加以缓和性的调和。.

Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Emerging Adult; Oppositional Defiant Disorder; Parental Psychopathology; adulto emergente; maltrato infantil; psicopatología parental; trastorno negativista desafiante; 初显成年人; 家长的精神病; 对立违抗性障碍; 虐待儿童.

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